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Joint Task Force on Environmental Indicators Geneva, July 2011

Norwegian surveys on pesticide use in agricultureby Svein Homstvedt and Ole O. Moss, Statistics Norway

Contents

Our northern advantages

Pesticide use for field crops

Pesticide use for greenhouses

The “PPP-gap” (PPP = Plant Protection Products)

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Survey on the use of pesticides Geneva 2011

A complex business, but fortunately there are some Northern advantages

Few crops Less PPPs than further southSystem of record-keeping on farm level has

been implementedMore obedient farmers?

Some experience gained

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Comprising the following field-crops:

meadows and pasture landgrain (barley, oats, spring wheat, winter wheat, oil-

seeds)potatoesonions, common cabbage, carrotsstrawberries, apples

The population was covering 97 per cent of total agricultural area

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Content of questionnaires (8 versions)

Preprinted: area of a particular cropNumber of parcels (with the corresponding crop)Equipment for sprayingMain type of PPP used on each parcelDetailed use of pesticides on the largest parcel

• number and date of treatments• size of area sprayed• name of compound• dosage per decare

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011http://www.ssb.no/emner/10/04/10/rapp_200642/

Survey design – field cropsSampling frame:

All holdings applying for governmental grants – except holdings practicing mainly organic framing

Sample size 2008: 4300 (9.5 % of frame)

Sampling plan considering:- 12 types of crops – then 8 questionnaires!

- 4 size group by agricultural area in use

- both “generalists” and “specialists”

- an estimated “toxic load factor - TLF”“toxic load factor - TLF” for each crop(TLF =load of pesticid pr hectar specified for each crop x

area of the specified crop)

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Data collection

2001 and 2003: postal 2005 and 2008: postal and web reporting Questionnaires sent out in November

based on the number of holdings applying for grants pr. Julypreliminary results in July the year afterwards

Voluntary response Incentive: Lottery (3 traveller’s cheques of ca 1000 US$ each)

Response rate ca. 70 per cent (after one reminder)

Quality surprisingly good

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Resources used

Total resource use in Statistics Norway: 2001: 3 300 man-hours 2003: 2 300 man-hours 2005: 1 700 man-hours 2008: 1 700 man-hours (ca)

50 per cent financial support by The Norwegian Food Safety Authorities

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Average no of treatments with pesticides. 2001, 2003 and 2005

0 2 4 6 8 10

Oljevekster

Høsthvete

Vårhvete

Havre

Bygg

Eng og beite

Eple

Jordbær

Gulrot

Hodekål

Kepaløk

Potet

Gjennomsnittlig antall sprøytinger per dekar

2001

2003

2005

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Share of crop area treated with pesticides. 2001, 2003 and 2005. Per cent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Pote

t

Kepalø

k

Hodekål

Gulrot

Jord

bæ

r

Eple

Eng o

g b

eite

Bygg

Havre

Vårh

vete

Hø

sth

vete

Olje

vekste

r

Prosent

2001

2003

2005

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Share of crop area treated with herbicides. 2001, 2003 and 2005. Per cent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Pot

et

Kep

alø

k

Hod

ekål

Gul

rot

Jord

bær

Epl

e

Eng

og

beite

Byg

g

Hav

re

Vår

hvet

e

Hø

sthv

ete

Olje

veks

ter

Prosent

2001

2003

2005

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Share of crop area treated with insecticides. 2001, 2003 and 2005. Per cent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Pot

et

Kep

alø

k

Hod

ekål

Gul

rot

Jord

bær

Epl

e

Byg

g

Hav

re

Vår

hvet

e

Hø

sthv

ete

Olje

veks

ter

Prosent2001

2003

2005

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Area sprayed with fungicides, by month. Percentage of the total area sprayed for various crops. 2005   April Mai Juni Juli August September Oktober

Potet 3 17 90 88 20

Kepaløk 10 35 96 33

Gulrot 5 3 56 74 16

Hodekål 4 96

Jordbær 6 77 94 18 12 12

Eple 86 97 94 64 38 18 2

Bygg 5 59 40

Havre 100

Vårhvete 2 48 67

Høsthvete 43 74 22 1 3

Oljevekster 13 39 48

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Survey on the use of pesticides - greenhouses Geneva 2011

Survey on use of pesticides in greenhousesgreenhouses

A full scale pilot !

Data collection started February 2009

Reference year 2008

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Survey on the use of pesticides – greenhouses Geneva 2011

Comprising the following crop groups:

SaladsHerbsTomatoesCucumbersBerries

Flowering pot plantsCut flowersFoliage plantsBedding plants

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Survey on the use of pesticides – greenhouses Geneva 2011

Survey design – greenhouse

Sampling frame:All holdings with a minimum of 300 m2 of greenhouse area

Sample size 2008: 685 (100%)

Sampling plan:1. Ranking the nine crop groups by the number of holdings2. Sampling all holdings in the crop group with the lowest number

of holdings3. Sampling all holdings in the next group, deducting those

already sampled4. Etc.

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Survey on the use of pesticides – greenhouses Geneva 2011

Content of questionnaires (9 versions – all most identical)

Area of the particular crop/plant(Type of flower plant)Use of biological agents (area, duration)Type of equipment and type of floorDetailed use of pesticides

• number and date of treatments• area sprayed• name of compound• dosage per m2

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Survey on the use of pesticides – greenhouses Geneva 2011

Data collection and experiences – green houses

Only postal

Questionnaires sent out 13. February

Voluntary response

Response rate: 55 per cent (out of the 685)

Work load: More than planned

Quality: Overall good some elements need to be improved

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Comparing two data sources is a risky operation…

Used in agriculture Total sales

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

I alt

Ugr

asm

idle

r

Sopp

mid

ler

Skad

edyr

mid

ler

Andr

e

Tonn aktivt stoff

Forbruk 2001

Forbruk 2003

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

I alt

Ugr

asm

idle

r

Sop

pmid

ler

Ska

dedy

rmid

ler

And

re

Tonn aktivt stoff

Omsetning 2001

Omsetning 2003

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Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011

Explaining the gap between total sales of Plant Protection Products and the use in agriculture

Figures 2003

Total sales of PPP 690 tonHobby products - 100 ton"Beisemidler" - 25 tonOthers - 20 tonEstimated outside agriculture - 110 ton

= 435 tonConsumption accord. to survey - 360 tonDifference = 75 ton

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That´s all folks !

Experts:Agriculture: Mr. Geir Inge

Gundersen (gig@ssb.no)Greenhouses: Mr. Per Amund

Aarstad (pam@ssb.no)