1. John Adams was elected second

president in 1796 & Thomas Jefferson

elected vice-pres.

In the this election there were 138

Electoral Votes cast… for President and

138 for Vice President; There was NO

distinction between the votes.

Therefore, more than half of 138 was

needed to become the next

President… 70 ELECTORAL VOTES!

Adams

NomineeJohn

Adams

Thomas

Jefferson

Thomas

Pinckney

Aaron

Burr

Sam

Adams

Oliver

Ellsworth

George

Clinton

John

Jay

James

Iradell

John

Henry

Samuel

Johnston

George

Washington

Charles

Cotesworth

Pinckney

Party FedDem-

RepFed

Dem-

Rep

Dem-

RepFed

Dem-

RepFed Fed Fed Fed N/A Fed

Home

StateMA VA SC NY MA Conn NY NY NC MD NC VA SC

Electoral

Vote

71 68 59 30 15 11 7 5 3 2 2 2 1

States

Carried9 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

President… 70 ELECTORAL VOTES!

Jefferson RESA America in a Changing World

The Jay Treaty - compensated England’s with

prewar debt & to hear claims for captured American

vessels (BUT captured slaves would not be

returned).

American Issues with Great Britain:

� Britain was still occupying a number of forts in

the Great Lakes region.

� American merchants wanted compensation for

250 ships confiscated during 1793–94.

� Southerners wanted compensation for the slaves

the British had taken from them during the

Revolution.

� Merchants wanted the British West Indies

reopened to American trade.

� The boundary with Canada was too vague and

needed delineation.

� The British were believed to be aggravating

Results of the Treaty:� British agreed to vacate the six western

forts by June 1796

� Compensate American ship owners (the

British paid $10,345,200 by 1802)

� United States gave most favored nation

trading status to Britain

1a. Jay Treaty.

� The British were believed to be aggravating

Native-American attacks on settlers in the West.

John Jay

trading status to Britain

� US agreed to British anti-French

maritime policies

� US guaranteed the payment of private

prewar debts owed by Americans to British

merchants that could not be collected in

U.S. courts (the U.S. paid £600,000 in 1802)

Jay dropped the issue of

compensation for slaves,

which angered Southern

slave owners. Jay was

also unsuccessful in

negotiating an end to the

“impressment” of

American sailors into the

Royal Navy

Is this Treaty the action/s of

a “Neutral” Nation?

1b. XYZ Affair & the Alien Sedition Acts.X,Y & Z were Jean Conrad Hottinguer (X),

Pierre Bellamy (Y) and Lucien Hauteval (Z);

They were French representatives working for

the Foreign Minister that demanded

concessions from the U.S. as a condition for

negotiations. The concessions included 50,000

pounds sterling, a $10 million loan from the

United States, a $250,000 personal bribe to the

French foreign minister Charles Maurice de

Talleyrand.

The American commission to

Marshall

CC Pinckney

1. The Naturalization Act

In retaliation to the XYZ

Affair the Federalist

dominated U.S.

Congress passed four

bills into law in 1798…

those laws were…

Ignite Learning: XYZ Affair

The American commission to

France, sent in March of

1797, consisted of Charles

Cotesworth Pinckney, John

Marshall, and Elbridge

Gerry…GerryTalleyrand

1. The Naturalization Act

2. The Alien Friends Act

3. The Alien Enemies Act

4. The Sedition Act

Adams Movie: Talleyrand Letter

To “PROTECT” the nation GW comes out of

retirement but writes a letter asking for Hamilton to

be the “first” General in command under him?

1. The Naturalization Act

extended the duration of

residence required for

aliens to become citizens to

14 years. Enacted June 18,

1798, with no expiration

date, it was repealed in

3. The Alien Enemies Act authorized

the president to apprehend and

deport resident aliens if their home

countries were at war with the United

States of America. Enacted July 6,

1798, and providing no sunset

provision, the act remains intact

today as 50 U.S.C. § 21–24. At the

time, war was considered likely

between the U.S. and France.

The Alien

Sedition

Acts

United States Congress (5th):� 138 Members Total

� 34 Senate (22 Fed & 12 Dem-Rep)

� 106 House of Reps (57 Fed & 49 Dem-Rep)

2. The Alien Friends Act authorized

the president to deport any resident

alien considered "dangerous to the

peace and safety of the United

States." It was enacted June 25,

1798, with a two year expiration

date.

date, it was repealed in

1802.48 Dem-Rep4. The Sedition Act made

it a crime to publish "false,

scandalous, and malicious

writing" against the

government or its officials.

It was enacted July 14,

1798, with an expiration

date of March 3, 1801.

John Adams Movie: TJ & Adams Debate (2:46)

The

Patriot

Act?

1c. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions. Thomas Jefferson’’s statement in the Kentucky

Resolution… “Resolved, that the several States

composing the United States of America, are

not united on the principle of unlimited

submission to their general government; but

that by compact under the style and title of a

Constitution for the United States and of

amendments thereto, they constituted a

general government for special purposes,

delegated to that government certain definite

powers, reserving each State to itself, the

residuary mass of right to their own self-

government; and that whensoever the general

government assumes undelegated powers, its

acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force:

Null or VOID?

Madison & Jefferson argued that the

Alien and Sedition Laws are…

James Madison… considered the

PBS Jefferson’s Reply to the Alien Sedition Laws (3 mins)

The Tenth Amendment: “The powers not

delegated to the United States by the

Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States,

are reserved to the States respectively, or to the

people.”

acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force:

That to this compact each State acceded as a

State, and is an integral party, its co-States

forming, as to itself, the other party....each

party has an equal right to judge for itself, as

well of infractions as of the mode and measure

of redress.”

James Madison

Thomas Jefferson

James Madison… considered the

“Father” of the US Constitution and

creator of the “Bill of Rights.”

Jefferson wrote the

Kentucky Resolution

(above); Madison

wrote the Virginia

Resolution.

1d. Quasi War with FranceCauses & Escalation

of the Quasi War:� Political Parties in US…

Federalists promoted this

hatred toward France

�The French Revolution

�The Jay Treaty

� Capturing of US ships

� XYZ Affair

� USS Constellation

captured the French ship

USS Constellation

The Quasi War is also known

as the Franco-American War

U.S. President John Adams

sent a commission composed

of William Vans Murray, Oliver

Ellsworth, and William

Richardson Davie to negotiate

at the Convention of 1800

(also known as the Treaty of

Treaty of Mortefontaine ). The

Treaty was signed on

September 30, 1800 and was

ratified by both countries on

Quasi… a combining form

meaning “resembling,”

“having some, but not all

of the features of,” used in

the formation of

compound words: quasi-

definition; quasi-

monopoly; quasi-official;

quasi-scientific.

The Hunchback

of Notre Dame’s

name was

actually

Quasimodo; it’s

Latin translation

means “almost

made.”

captured the French ship

the L'Insurgente

� Alien and Sedition Acts

as the Franco-American War

or the Undeclared War with

France…

The Hunchback of Notre Dame

John Adams

ratified by both countries on

December 21, 1801. This

ended the Quasi War.

2. Election of 1800: Party Changeover…

Republicans gained control of the presidency.

Thomas Jefferson became president & Aaron

Burr the vice-president. *Twelfth Amendment

was passed, allowing electors to cast separate

ballots for president & vice-president.

United States Congress (6th):� 138 Members Total

� 32 Senate (21 Fed & 11 Dem-Rep)

� 106 House of Reps (56 Fed & 49 Dem-Rep;

1 vacant seat) Jefferson is "by far not so dangerous a

man" as Burr; in short, I would rather

TJ

1803

Hamilton-Burr

Duel

Adams Movie: TJ confronts Adams

about Congress decision on

Election.

United States Congress (7th):� 138 Members Total

� 32 Senate (14 Fed & 18 Dem-Rep)

� 106 House of Reps (41 Fed & 64

Dem-Rep; 3 vacant seats)

NomineeThomas

JeffersonAaron Burr

John

Adams

Charles

Cotesworth

Pinckney

John

Jay

Party Dem-Rep Dem-Rep Fed Fed Fed

Home

StateVA NY MA SC NY

Electoral

Vote73 73 65 64 1

States

Carried8 0 7 0 0

man" as Burr; in short, I would rather

have someone with wrong principles

than someone devoid of any.[

HamiltonBurr

3. Supreme Court Case in 1803, Marbury vs. Madison:

a. John Adams’ appointment of the “Mid-Night

Judges”.

b. Jefferson takes over office with 42

appointments for judges made by former

president Adams.

c. Problem occurred when one of the

appointments, William Marbury, accuses the new

Sec. Of State, James Madison, of not delivering

the appointments.

d. Marbury took Madison to court.

Marbury

Decision- Chief Justice John Marshall persuades

the justices to rule that the Judiciary Act of 1789

was in conflict to the Constitution, therefore the

Supreme Court could not rule on this case. The

case established the principle of judicial review,

that it judges the law.

Chief Justice

John Marshall

Associate Justices

William Cushing · William Paterson

Samuel Chase · Bushrod Washington

Alfred Moore

Madison

Power to declare law

UNCONSTITUTIONAL!

3. Expeditions open up new routes to the West.

a. The “Discovery Expedition” led by

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark…

Meriwether Lewis

William Clark

Sacajawea

Traveling the Columbia

River

Fort Mandan Recreation

Keel Boat Replica

Fort Clatsop Replica (1955)

Crossing the Rocky Mountains

Clip Part 1

(8:53)

Clip Part 2

(7:49)

Lewis & Clark Song (3:31)

3b. The Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon

Bonaparte, of France, gained control of the

Louisiana Territory from Spain (Haiti Revolt

significant to the sale…). Jefferson purchases

the area, on behalf of the U.S., for $15 million.

Constitution did not stipulate the president

may purchase the land, Jefferson uses a loose

interpretation (or implied powers) to purchase

the land. The importance of the purchase was

that it…

(1) Doubled the size of the U.S.

(2) Allowed the U.S. to gain control (2) Allowed the U.S. to gain control

of the Port of New Orleans.

(3) Provided more mineral resources.

(4) Allowed for the ability to settle

the lands West of the Mississippi.

Haitian Revolt

NapoleonToussaint

L'OuvertureRobert

Livingston

Pike’s Expedition is

considered equal in

importance to that of

Lewis & Clark’s BUT

of the American

Southwest!

3c. Zebulon Pike’s expedition of the

American southwest in 1805.