SODIS SOLAR DISINFECTION Team Aquafers Scott Weeks, Stephen Russo, James Berg & Jamison Hill.
1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on...
Transcript of 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on...
![Page 1: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1. Introduction to SODIS2. Brief on Kibera Project3. Ideas on Scaling-up
Expanding access through• community groups• scaling up
Catherine Mwango, KWAHOMartin Wegelin, Eawag/Sandec
![Page 2: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SODIS Application
CleanPET Bottles
Fill Bottlespartly to 3/4
Aerate the Waterthrough Shaking
Fill Bottlescompletely
Expose Bottlesto Sunlight
Exposure on Roofsare adequate
Expose the Bottlesfor 6 Hours
Drink the Waterfrom the Bottles
![Page 3: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How does SODIS work ?
• plastic bottles are filled with contaminated waterand exposed to sunlight for 6 hours
• sunlight disinfects the water through two effects:
- radiation in the UV-A spectrum- increase of water temperature
• water temperature can riseto 50 0C and more
• Faecal coliforms are reduced by 3 - 4 log (99.9 % reduction)
![Page 4: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Informal settlement• 7 km SW of Nairobi City Centre• 700,000 inhabitants• 235 hectares
Kibera Slum, Nairobi
![Page 5: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SODIS ProjectKibera Slum, NairobiLocal Partner: KWAHO(Kenya Water for Health Organisation)Project Target: 20‘000 householdsProject Duration: 1 year (2004/05)
Results• 11 SODIS promoters trained• 19‘500 household in SODIS trained• 16‘760 households SODIS users• 3 schools, 2‘400 students trained • 78‘000 bottles in use• all water analysis free of E.coli
![Page 6: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Year (Duration)
Slum villages
Target households
Households trained on SODIS
Regular SODIS Households
March 2004- Apr 2005(12 months)
Kibera Makina
20,0000 19,500 16,760
June 2005 – July 2006(12 months)
Kibera Mashimoni
30,000 30,135 25,524
Aug 2005 – Aug 2006 (12 months)
Mukuru 10,000 9,834 8,226
Aug-Oct 2006 (3 months)
Kibera Mashimoni
5,000 4,723 3,428
3 years: total 65’000 64’192 53’938 households84% acceptance
SODIS Project Kibera Slum, NairobiProject Phases and Targets
![Page 7: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SODIS Project Kibera Slum, NairobiWater Quality Analysis (E.coli)
78
32
4
6
8
13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
none up to 10 between11 & 50
between51 & 100
between101 & 200
between201 & 300
between301 & 500
more than501
CFU/100ml
Num
ber o
f sam
p
Raw Water inHouseholds
51 samples
0 0
2
11
2
3
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
none up to 10 between11 & 50
between51 & 100
between101 & 200
between201 & 300
between301 & 500
more than501
CFU/100ml
Num
ber
of s
amp
Water fromWater Kiosks
16 samples
0 0 0
28
2 2 21
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
none up to 10 between 11 & 50
between 51 & 100
between 101 & 200
between 201 & 300
between 301 & 500
more than501
CFU/100ml
Num
ber o
f sam
p
SODISWater
35 samples
Water Sample
> 50E.Coli/100 ml
% of totalSamples
Household 33 65Water Kiosk 4 25
SODIS 3 9
Comparison
![Page 8: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SODIS non-user SODIS user Total
No diarrhoea incidence
raw water consumption: 7no raw water consumption: 40
raw water consumption: 3no raw water consumption: 287
raw.: 10no raw.: 327
Frequency 47 290 337% within SODIS variable
30.3% 84.1% 67.4%
Diarrhoea incidence
raw water consumption: 86no raw water consumption: 22
raw water consumption: 17no raw water consumption: 38
raw.: 103no raw.: 60
Frequency 108 55 163
% within SODIS variable
69.7% 15.9% 32.6%
Totalraw water consumption: 93
no raw water consumption: 62raw water consumption: 20
no raw water consumption: 325raw.: 113
no raw.: 387
Frequency 155 345 500
% within SODIS variable
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Substantial reductionof the diarrhoea rate
SODIS Project Kibera Slum, NairobiHealth Impact Study
Monitoring:• 500 households
(selected at random in anarea with 20’000 households)
• 717 children(below 5 years)
![Page 9: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SODIS: a self-promoting technology ? No !
the problem:how can the SODIS idea reach the people ?
Promotion and Implementation
the reality:people need information for which they cannot paythe approach:promotion of SODIS through non-profit organisations(NGOs, Aid Agencies, Governments)
SODIS is a “zero cost technology”
this is along-termprocess
SODIS promotion requires• awareness building on health issues• change of habits in water handling
![Page 10: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Successful Partnership
Ministry of Healthstrong will for cooperation
Women‘s organisationtrust in the communities
Teachers and studentsenthusiasm about SODIS
People’s interestin water treatment
![Page 11: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SODIS Worldwide Used• in more than 20 countries• by more than 2 million people
![Page 12: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
- new strategies
• Meeting the MDG requires
- new technologies
The Millennium Development Goal (MDG)
• half the number of people not having access to safe water by 2015
• means to provide safe water to approx.1 million additional people every week
household centred approaches
appropriate water treatment
![Page 13: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Scaling-up for increased inputs We need- additional partners- additional projects- additional funds
NGOsGovernment
SlumsVillages
$
The Need
Safe
Wat
er
Our Input
safe waterfor 1 millionmore peopleeach week
We need- additional …. ?or new ……..Need for a paradigm-shift
![Page 14: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Scaling-up for increased inputs We need new approaches, strategies and policies
• HWTS as business
• HWTS as common practice
MarketingProducts
involve private sector
• HWTS as a life styleinvolve personalities as Ambassadors
Lady Di1961-97
ownership from user upto Government level
![Page 15: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sustainable Household Water Management
needs to• create awareness on health aspects• achieve behaviour changes
Education (software)
• reliable and affordable provision ofequipment and/or consumables
Supply (hardware)
![Page 16: 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on Kibera Project 3. Ideas on …hwts.web.unc.edu/files/2014/08/2007Addis_Mwango-sodis... · 2014. 8. 28. · 1. Introduction to SODIS 2. Brief on](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051906/5ff9852d4dae3163933db718/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Asante Sana Thank you very much!
Catherine Mwango, Executive DirectorKENYA WATER FOR HEALTH ORGANISATION (KWAHO)
[email protected], www.kwaho.org
Martin Wegelin, Programme OfficerSWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY (Eawag)[email protected], www.sodis.ch