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Information SystemInformation SystemBasicsBasics

Information SystemInformation SystemBasicsBasics

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QuestionWhat is the

difference

between data and

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September 1, 20085 sunglasses were sold

September 4, 200810 jackets were sold

September 7, 20082 sunglasses were sold

September 7, 2008

18 jackets were sold

September 12, 200815 jackets were sold

     D

     A     T

     A

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InformationFrom September 1 to

12 this year, thecompany was able to

sell 7 sunglasses and

33 jackets

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QuestionWhat is the

difference

betweeninformation 

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Knowledge

During the rainyseason, more people

buy jackets thansunglasses.

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What is Data?• Individual or separate pieces of

facts, concepts, and ideas derived

through different modes of inquiry

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What is Information?• Processed data that is organized, has

use, provides meaning, and is

important in accomplishing a certaintask

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Qualities of Valuable

Information• Accurate– Information is error free

• Verifiable

– Information can be proven as correct orincorrect

• Timely– Information is up-to-date

• Organized– Information is arranged to suit our needs and

requirements

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Qualities of Valuable

Information• Accessible– Information is available whenever it is

needed

• Useful– Information is relevant and has meaning

• Cost-Effective

– Information should give more value than itcosts to produce

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What is Knowledge?• A concrete expression of thoughtderived from relating, understanding,

and analyzing several pieces ofvaluable information

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What is a Database?• A persistent, organized, structured,and shared storage of collected

interrelated data that has purpose• Serves the need to generate

meaningful information

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What is a Database?• It records only data that has purpose

• It establishes relationships and

connections between its data to makethem more meaningful

• It is well organized and structured in

order to make stored data easilyshared and retrievable

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Historical Perspective

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Historical Perspective

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Historical Perspective

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Historical Perspective

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Historical Perspective

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Electronic Age

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Electronic Age

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Electronic Age

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The Need for Databases• Man has always had the desire to record everything around him– The more things we record, the more we need

space for storage

• These records are desired to be sharedand re-used– The more we are involved in activities that

needs information, the more we need the

storage space to be accessible to and fasterretrieved by several people

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Data and Information

Recording Trivia• 1790 : the US decided to record census data(3.9 million people)

• 1880 : it took the US 7 years to tabulate the

recorded data• 1890 : the population increased by 12 million

• 1890 : the US decided to use tabulatingmachines using computer (punch cards),

tabulation took only 2-3 months

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Issues in Electronic File

Processing• Separation and isolation of data

• Duplication of data

• Data dependence• Incompatible file formats

• Fixed queries/Proliferation of applicationprograms

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What is an Information

System?• An application that allows people tomaximize the tons of recorded data– Records data that has purpose

– Stores data in an organized storage– Retrieves data– Processes data using previously saved (and

related) data to generate meaningful information

– Presents this meaningful information

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Example of an

Information System

People

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Example of an

Information System

Information

Processing Theory

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SensoryMemory

Short-

 Term 

Memory

Long-

 Term 

Memory

Forgott

en

attention

unselecteddata

transf er

recall

output

input

      r      e 

        h      e       a       r      s 

a 

        l

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Information System

Components

SOFTWARE

DATAHARDWARE

PEOPLE PROCEDU

RES