1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green...
-
Upload
noel-jennings -
Category
Documents
-
view
235 -
download
0
Transcript of 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green...
![Page 1: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Introduction to Bacteria
2 TYPES OF BACTERIA:
• Bacteria
-Get food from an outside source
• Blue-green Bacteria
-Make their own food
![Page 2: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
BACTERIA
Bacteria - small one celled monerans
Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment
They are found almost everywhere:
-water -air
-soil -food
-skin -inside the body
-on most objects
![Page 3: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Spiral:spirilla
rod-shaped: bacilli, bacillus
Round:cocci
3 Shapes of Bacteria
Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:
![Page 4: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
3 Shapes of Bacteria
Bacillus anthracis – (bacillus)
Neisseria meningitidis (coccus)
Leptospira interrogans – (spirilla)
![Page 5: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
• Capsule
• Cell wall
• Ribosomes
• Nucleoid
• Flagella
• Pilli
• Cytoplasm
![Page 6: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Capsule
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
keeps the cell from drying out and helps it stick to food or other cells
![Page 7: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Cell wall
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Thick outer covering that maintains the overall shape of the bacterial cell
![Page 8: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Ribosomes
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
cell part where proteins are made
Ribosomes give the cytoplasm of bacteria a granular appearance in electron micrographs
![Page 9: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Nucleoid
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
a ring made up of DNA
![Page 10: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Flagella
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
a whip-like tail that some bacteria have for locomotion
![Page 11: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Amimation of E.coli
![Page 12: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Pilli
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
hollow hair-like structures made of protein
allows bacteria to attach to other cells.
Pilli-singular Pillus-plural
![Page 13: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Cytoplasm
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
clear jelly-like material that makes up most of the cell
![Page 14: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
• Binary Fission- the process of one organism dividing into two organisms
• Fission is a type of asexual reproduction
Reproduction of Bacteria
How?...The one main (circular) chromosome makes a copy of itselfThen it divides into two
•Asexual reproduction- reproduction of a living thing from only one parent
![Page 15: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
BINARY FISSION
Bacteria dividing Completed
Reproduction of Bacteria
![Page 16: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
• The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditions are
• Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions
• Some can reproduce every 20 minutes
(one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours)
Reproduction of Bacteria
![Page 17: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Bacterial Cell & Nucleiod DNA Ring
DNA replication
Cell wall synthesis
Cell separation
![Page 18: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Bacteria Survival
Endospore- • a thick celled structure that forms inside the cell• they are the major cause of food poisoning
• they can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions• it encloses all the nuclear materials
and some cytoplasm
• allows the bacteria to survive for many years
![Page 19: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Bacillus subtilisEndospore-the black section in the middle
highly resistant structures
can withstand radiation, UV light, and boiling at 120oC for 15 minutes.
Bacteria Survival
![Page 20: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Bacteria Survival – Food sources
parasites – bacteria that feed on living things
saprophytes – use dead materials for food (exclusively)
decomposers – get food from breaking down dead matter into simple chemicals
important- because they send minerals and other materials back into the soil so other organisms can use them
![Page 21: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Harmful Bacteria • some bacteria cause diseases
• Animals can pass diseases to humans
Communicable Disease – Disease passed from one organism to another
This can happen in several ways:• Air• Touching clothing, food, silverware, or toothbrush
• Drinking water that contains bacteria
![Page 22: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
1
1
1
1
1
Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar (rough areas)
Harmful Bacteria
![Page 23: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Helpful Bacteria• Decomposers help recycle nutrients into
the soil for other organisms to grow
• Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay
• Most are used to make antibiotics
• Some bacteria help make insulin
• Used to make industrial chemicals
![Page 24: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
1
1
1
1
1
E.coli on small intestines
Helpful Bacteria
![Page 25: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
• Used to treat sewage
Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess.
• foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk
Helpful Bacteria
![Page 26: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Controlling Bacteria3 ways to control
bacteria:1) Canning- the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria
• endospores are killed during this process
2) Pasteurization- process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria
3) Dehydration- removing water from food• Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is
removed • example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal
![Page 27: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Controlling BacteriaAntiseptic vs. Disinfectants
Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things
• means – “against infection”
Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash
Disinfectants- stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things
![Page 28: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
BLUE-GREEN BACTERIAAutotrophs – make their own food
through photosynthesis
commonly grow on water and surfaces that stay wet…such as rivers, creeks and dams
larger than most bacterial cells
Some live in salt water, snow, and acid water of hot springs
food source for animals that live in the water
![Page 29: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA
Blooms- occur when the bacteria multiplies in great numbers and form scum on the top of the water
can be toxic to humans and animals
![Page 31: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
1
1
1
1
1
![Page 32: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
1
1
1
1
1
![Page 33: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
1
1
1
1
1
Bacillus anthracis - rod, vegetative stage prokaryote (bacterium)Image Number: 21185A
![Page 34: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
1
1
1
1
1
Neisseria meningitidis - coccus prokaryote (bacterium)Image Number: 97214E
![Page 35: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
1
1
1
1
1
Leptospira interrogans - spiral shaped prokaryote (spirochete)
![Page 36: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
1
1
1
1
1
Strep animationhttp://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/pages/jjani_qt/strep_pneumo_qt.html
Ecoli movement animatoin
http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/pages/jjani_qt/ecoli_qt.html
![Page 37: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Ecoli movement animatoin
http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/pages/jjani_qt/ecoli_qt.html
![Page 38: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
1
1
1
1
1
HIV moviehttp://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/Video/HIV.mov
![Page 39: 1 Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649e855503460f94b87462/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
1
1
1
1
1