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InterNet InterNet 簡介簡介
主講人:柯皓仁國立交通大學計算機中心
分機: 52807
E-mail : [email protected]
問題諮詢: [email protected]
主講人:柯皓仁國立交通大學計算機中心
分機: 52807
E-mail : [email protected]
問題諮詢: [email protected]
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2 時程表時程表Introduction To InternetDomain Name & Internet AddressThe Basic Services of InternetYour First Steps on InternetAdvanced Services of Internet
Introduction To InternetDomain Name & Internet AddressThe Basic Services of InternetYour First Steps on InternetAdvanced Services of Internet
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Introduction to InternetIntroduction to Internet
What is a network?What is InternetA Brief History of Internet
What is a network?What is InternetA Brief History of Internet
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What is The Internet?What is The Internet?
A network of networksA large collection of independent networks, all
of which run TCP/IP, that are tied together.
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The InternetThe Internet
NSFNET
Other NETS
APARNET
MILNET
TANET
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What can Internet Do for Users?What can Internet Do for Users?Communication
Electronic MailI-Phone
Learning and Discussing toolBBSUsenet
Collecting informationLibrary Searching
EntertainmentMUD
CommercialOn-Line Order
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Domain Name & IP AddressDomain Name & IP Address
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IP AddressIP AddressA way to identify uniquelyuniquely an area of the Net or an c
omputer on the NetConsists of 4 digits, each of which ranges from
0 to 255 (usually 1-254), separated by dot(.)140.113.1.1
140 : Taiwan113 : NCTU
If you want to connect your computer to Inter-net, aask your network manager for an IP addresssk your network manager for an IP address
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13 Domain Name System (DNS)Domain Name System (DNS)
Internet
TW
EDU
NCTU CC CCSUN1
140.113.4.11 --> ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw140.113.4.11 --> ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw
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Domain Name System(DNS)Domain Name System(DNS)
A symbolic name for an IP-address (machine)A domain: an organization level within InternetDomains can be connected together (by dot (.)) to
create a unique identifier.left to right: most specific to most general Top-level : organizational or geographicask your network manager for your domain ask your network manager for your domain
Name(FQDN, Full Qualified Domain Name)Name(FQDN, Full Qualified Domain Name)
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Top Organization DomainsTop Organization Domains
Domain Purposecom Commercial Entitesedu Educational Institutionsgov non-military US Government Institutionorg Non-profit Organizationsnet Network Resourcesmil US military Institutionsint International Institutions (NATO)
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Top Geographic DomainsTop Geographic Domains
Domain Countrytw Taiwanjp Japande Germanyfr Franceus United Statesuk United Kingdomca Canada
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TANet DomainTANet Domain
tw edu.tw
org.tw
nctu.edu.twnthu.edu.tw
ntu.edu.tw
cc.nctu.edu.twcis.nctu.edu.twcsie.nctu.edu.tw
..... .....
com.tw
gov.tw
net.tw
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18 Hostname VS DomainnameHostname VS Domainname
TW
EDU
NCTU CC CCSUN1
140.113.4.11 --> ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw140.113.4.11 --> ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw
ccsun1 is the hostname of 140.113.4.1 ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw is the domainname(FQDN) of 140
.113.4.1When you connect to a machine within the same domain
, you can just use that machine's hostname
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TThe Basic Service of Internethe Basic Service of Internet
Virtual Terminal Service (telnet)File Transfer Service (ftp)E-Mail Service (SMTP)
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Virtual Terminal Service (telnet)Virtual Terminal Service (telnet)
$telnet hostTrying...Connected to hostEscape Character is '^]'
host's O.S. Version(host) login: <--- UserNamepasswd: <--- Password$ ........................................................$logoutConnection closed by foreign host.
...............................................
Work as if you are on host
Use Resources and Services of host
Come back to Local
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File Transfer Service (ftp)File Transfer Service (ftp)$ftp hostConnected to host. 220 host FTP server readyName(host:username): Password:User username logged in.ftp>
ftp> quit (Come back to the local)
OK. Connect to FTP Server.You can get or put files now.
Enter your username/password
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22 FFile Transfer Service (ftp) (Cont.)ile Transfer Service (ftp) (Cont.)Use get command to copy file(s) from the remo
te host.ftp> get <remote_file>
Use put command to copy local file(s) to theremote host.ftp> put <local_file>
You can use cd, ls,....,etc. as in UNIX Use ? in the 'ftp>' prompt to get helpYou should be a user of the remote host to get
/put files
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Anonymous FTPAnonymous FTP
Some hosts on Internet are set up in a way thatyou can use file transfer service to get publicdomain utilities without an account on it.
$ftp hostConnected to host. 220 host FTP server readyName(host:username): anonymous/ftpanonymous/ftpPassword:[email protected] (E-mail)[email protected] (E-mail)ftp>
Do as normal ftp
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FTP ExerciseFTP Exercise Anonymous FTP between PC and a server
d:\> ftp nctuccca.nctu.edu.twftp nctuccca.nctu.edu.twlogin: ftpftppassword: [email protected]@cc.nctu.edu.twftp> pwdpwdftp> binarybinaryftp> cd /NCTU/SLIP-Servicecd /NCTU/SLIP-Serviceftp> lslsftp> get slippr13.zipget slippr13.zipftp> quitquit
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FTP Exercise (Cont.)FTP Exercise (Cont.) Transfer files by your account
d:\> ftp ccsunxxftp ccsunxxlogin: YOUR USERNAMEYOUR USERNAME
password: YOUR PASSWORDYOUR PASSWORDftp> lcd d:\lcd d:\ftp>? lcd? lcdftp> asciiasciiftp>? ascii? asciiftp> get .cshrc cshrc.nodget .cshrc cshrc.nodftp> quitquit
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EElectronic Mail (SMTP)lectronic Mail (SMTP)
You can use Mail (BSD), mailx(SV), or elm tosend your electronic letter to a remote user.
Mail user@host < letter.txtYou send a file named letter.txt created in advance.host should be a domain name unless you and the user are
within the same domain.
Mail user@hostEnter your Subject and your message, and press
CTRL-D to complete the input of your message.
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Your First Steps on InternetYour First Steps on Internet
How to display the status of machinesHow to check if a host is currently AvailableHow to list the users logged on to a systemHow to talk to other users
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Using the rup commandUsing the rup command
The function of the rup command:Display the status of the machines within the same su
bnet
ruprup <hostname>
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Using the ping CommandUsing the ping Command
The function of the ping commandTell you if a remote computer is currently available o
n the network.
ping <domainname> : Display a short messageping -s <domainname> : Also show the perfor
mance of the link between you and the remote host Use Ctrl-C to end the ping -s command.
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Using the rusers/ku CommandUsing the rusers/ku Command
Use rusers/ku to display the users logged into the systems within the same subnet.
rusersrusers <hostname>
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31 Using the talk commandUsing the talk commandThe function of the talk command:
Let you make a on-line conversation with other userstalk <username>@<domainname>
Use Ctrl-C to terminate conversation.Using the mesg
mesg y : allow the talk requestmesg n : reject the talk requestmesg : display the current mesg setup
Other version of talk:ctalk : Can use Chineseytalk : Can talk with users on the systems not using UN
IXcytalk: Can use Chinese
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32 EExample of talkxample of talk
Message from Talk_Daemon@ccsun2 at 16:00talk: connection requested by jami@ccsun2talk: respond with: talk jami@ccsun2
The message shown on my screen
Jami on ccsun2 want to talk with freddyStep1: Use rusers to find if freddy is logged ont
osome sysytem.
Step2: Ah, freddy is on ccsun1Step3: talk freddy@ccsun1
freddy can issue talk jami@ccsun2 to beginthe on-line conversation with jami
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AAdvanced Services of Internetdvanced Services of Internet
Usenet NewsGopherBBSWWW
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UUsenet Newssenet NewsA collection of discussion groups that serves as
a giant bulletin board.You can obtain the information you want from News.You can post a questions to the News and get your
answer.You can respond your opinion on some topic or
answer the question asked by others.
Use the tin command to read Usenet NewsAs a novice user, Please use your eyes more Please use your eyes more
than your fingersthan your fingers.
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GopherGopher
Gopher is an information retrieval system that let you search information from all around the world.
Use the gopher command to enter the gopher system
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BBS (Bulletin Board System)BBS (Bulletin Board System)
Integrate a few of network services as a whole system.Post and read of bulletin board (similar to news)Electronic MailTalkRetrieve files....
Use telnet <BBS-Server> and follow the direction to enter BBS
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WWW (World-Wide Web)WWW (World-Wide Web)
WWW is a multi-media, hyper-text information providing system.
On PC Windows 95/NTUse netscape or mosaic to browse WWW
On Workstation X-windows ScreenUse netscape or mosaic to browse WWW