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Transcript of 1 Hypertension Overview. 2 Leading Risks For Death (World Health Organization 2002) 3 5 4 2 1...
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Hypertension Overview
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Leading Risks For Death (World Health Organization 2002)
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5
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CholesterolCholesterol
AlcoholAlcohol
HYPERTENSIONHYPERTENSION
Tobacco useTobacco use
OverweightOverweight
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What Is Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure is the amount of force on the walls of the arteries as the blood circulates around the body.
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The upper number is when the heart beats
(Systolic Blood Pressure SBP) The lower number is when the heart
relaxes (Diastolic Blood Pressure DBP)
What Do The Numbers Mean?
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Measured in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)
e.g. 124/82 mm Hg Systolic=124 mm Hg Diastolic= 82 mm Hg
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What is Hypertension ?
It is also called High Blood Pressure (HBP)
Hypertension is a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater
140
90
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Blood pressure category Blood pressure category
Optimal <120 and <80
Normal <130 and <85High normal 130–139 or 85–89
HypertensionStage 1 140–159 or 90–99 Stage 2 160–179 or 100–109 Stage 3 180 -209 or 110-119Stage 4 >209 or >119
Optimal <120 and <80
Normal <130 and <85High normal 130–139 or 85–89
HypertensionStage 1 140–159 or 90–99 Stage 2 160–179 or 100–109 Stage 3 180 -209 or 110-119Stage 4 >209 or >119
Blood pressure (mmHg)Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic
Systolic DiastolicDiastolic
Classification of Blood Pressure for Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults Adults
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What Causes HYPERTENSION ?
95% ‘not known’
•Genetics 40%
•Environment 60% (lifestyle)
5% underlying disease
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Your Lifestyle Can Raise Your Blood Pressure
Sedentary lifestyle Unhealthy diet
•Too little fresh fruit, fresh vegetables and low fat dairy
products
•Too much salt (sodium) and saturated fats Being overweight Excess alcohol Stress
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% withhypertension 18-34 35-64 65-74
men 10 30 55women 2 20 57
Hypertension in the population varies with age
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
18-34 35-64 65-74
Age in years
% o
f p
eop
le w
ith
h
yper
ten
sio
n
men women
Hypertension Is More Common in Older People
Men -
Women -
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Unaware of their hypertension
Unaware of their hypertension
Not treated and not controlled
Not treated and not controlled
Treated and not controlled
Treated and not controlled
Treated and controlled
Treated and controlled
22% of Adults Have Hypertension
16%
42%
23%
19%
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Untreated Hypertension Can Cause:
Atherosclerosis Strokes Dementia Heart failure Kidney failure Poor circulation –
impotence, leg cramps when walking
Premature deathRe
Pressure related damage
Strokes Heart failure Kidney failure Confusion Premature death
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Why Do Some People Develop Heart Disease or Stroke, while Others Don’t?
There are several risks that cause heart attacks and strokes
The more risks and the higher the risks, the greater the chance of developing heart disease or stroke
More than 9 in 10 People with hypertension have other risks of developing heart disease and stroke
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Cardiovascular Risks
High blood pressure Smoking High cholesterol Diabetes or high blood sugar Low physical activity Stress Obesity Diet Excess alcohol consumption
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The Benefits of Treating Hypertension
Heart attack by 15%
Heart failure by 50%
Stroke by 38%
Death by 10%
a decrease of 10/5 mm Hg:
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How Low Should Your BP Be?
Most people:•Less than 140/90 mm Hg
when measured at the doctor’s office
•Less than 135/85 mm Hg when measured at home
Diabetes or kidney disease
•Less than 130/80 mm Hg when measured at the doctor’s office
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8 Ways to Help Control Hypertension
1. Eat a healthy diet2. Active for at least 45 minutes 4-5 times a week3. Control your weight4. Limit daily alcohol to 2 drinks or less5. Cut back on salt and processed food6. Don’t smoke7. Check your BP at home8. Take time to relax
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Drugs for Hypertension
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Classes of Drugs DiureticsBeta-BlockersACE inhibitorsCalcium channel blockersAngiotensin receptor blockers
(ARB’s)Alpha blockersMiscellaneous
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If Medication Is Not Taken As Directed
BP may not be controlled Doctor may prescribe another drug or
increase dosage since they might think the first one didn’t work
Side effects may be more troublesome An adverse reaction or event may result
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If Medication Is Not Taken As Directed
Too much medicine(Side effects)
Therapeutic zone
Too little medicine
Time
Dru
g C
on
cen
trati
on
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Self measurement of BP
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Summary
Hypertension is a common cause of disability and death
Hypertension can be prevented and treated by changes in lifestyle
Problems caused by hypertension may be helped by drug therapy
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Hypertension questions
1. A blood pressure greater than 140 over 90 (140/90 mmHg) is generally considered too
high.
TRUE FALSE
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Hypertension questions
2. You can usually tell if your blood pressure is too high by the way you feel.
TRUE FALSE
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Hypertension questions
3. Having one elevated blood pressure reading means than you have high blood pressure.
TRUE FALSE
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Hypertension questions
4. High blood pressure (sometimes called hypertension) is a major risk factor for heart
disease.
TRUE FALSE
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Hypertension questions
5. The following lifestyle factors can help to treat and control high blood pressure:
· Weight control or having a healthy weight · Regular exercise · Eating a healthy diet
· Restricting alcohol intake
TRUE FALSE
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Hypertension questions
6. Smoking can cause high blood pressure.
TRUE FALSE
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Hypertension questions
7. Generally, people who do not have high blood pressure should have their blood pressure
checked every 3 to 4 years.
TRUE FALSE
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Hypertension questions
9. If you are being treated for high blood pressure you will need to stay on treatment the rest of your life.
TRUE FALSE