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11
Hazardous
Materials
Section Four: Planning and Implementing a Response
Analyze
Plan
Implement
Evaluate
22
33
Identification
No action should take place until the identity of the hazardous material is confirmed
Identification tools: Placard/Markings/Labels/704 Diamond Shipping papers DOT-ERG MSDS NIOSH Guidebook CHEMTREC
44
NIOSH Pocket GuideSeptember 2005
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NIOSH Contents
Roman numeral pages contain information keys
Multiple opportunities to indentify chemical Name, Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS) #,
Synonym/trade name list Affords responders more detailed
information to assist in planning Use after material identification and DOT-ERG
application
66
77
Identification
When researching a chemical use readily available resource information sources DOT-ERG/NIOSH Pocket Guide/MSDS Consult at least three different sources if
possible On-scene research should continue
throughout the incident
88
Identification
After identification, operations-level responder should ONLY perform DEFENSIVE actions that do not involve contact with the material
If unable to identify: The most conservative response strategy and
tactics must be employed Use DOT-ERG Guide 111
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What to Report
Report the information clearly, concisely, and accurately
An error in spelling, an incorrect measurement, a mispronunciation of a chemical name, or incorrect identification of a hazardous material can be disastrous
1010
What to Report
Keep information as simple as possible Spell names that are complex or potentially
confusing Ethanal or ethanol?
Have the receiver of the information repeat back what was heard
1111
What to Report
Information to report includes: Exact address and location of spill or leak Identification of indicators
and markers of hazardous materials All color and class
information obtained
from placards
1212
What to Report
Four-digit UN/NA numbers Hazardous material identification obtained
from shipping papers or MSDS and the potential quantity of hazardous material involved
Description of container, including size, capacity, type, and shape
Amount of chemical that could leak and amount that has leaked
1313
What to Report
Exposures:• Of people and the presence of special
populations (children/elderly)• Environment of the immediate area
Current weather:• Including wind direction and speed
A contact:• Or callback telephone number and two-
way radio frequency or channel
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Plan an Initial Response
The first priority is the safety of responding personnel Responders are there to isolate the problem, not
to become part of it Proper incident planning will:
Keep responders safe Provide a means to control the incident
effectively, preventing further harm to persons or property
1515
Plan an Initial Response
Planning response options begins with: Preplanning and SOG’s (your best tools)
Followed by the initial call for help
Information is used to determine the safest route to the scene
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Plan an Initial Response
Choose a route that approaches the scene from an upwind direction whenever possible
Choose a route that places the responders uphill of the site
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Plan an Initial Response
Responders need to know the type of material involved Is the material a solid, liquid, or gas? Is it contained in a drum, barrel, or pressurized tanker?
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Plan an Initial Response
Response to hazardous material spill
Releases will differ from solid-liquid or gas
1919
Plan an Initial Response
A solid is local and can be easily contained*
A gas can be widespread and constantly moving depending on the gas characteristics and weather conditions
* Unless it is a dust or small particles
2020
Plan an Initial Response
Characteristics of the affected area near the location of the spill or leak are important factors in planning the incident response
If an area is heavily populated: Evacuation procedures and a
decontamination process need to be established very early in the incident
2121
Plan an Initial Response
If the area is sparsely populated and rural: Isolating the area from anyone trying to enter the location may be the top priority
A high-traffic area such as a major highway would necessitate immediate rerouting of traffic
2222
Plan an Initial Response
There may be more than one way to solve the problem
A thorough risk based response analysis must be performed
There are times when
no action may be the
safest course of action
2323
Plan an Initial Response
Understand product control options Identify physical and chemical properties of the
released substance Decontamination should be
performed when and where appropriate
2424
Planning a Response
Incidents may be categorized by SOG: Level One:
• Small product release/no life-environmental hazard
Level Two:• Special resources needed/local area/moderate
environmental impact potential Level Three:
• Uncontrolled release/large area evacuation/severe environmental impact possible
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Tier Response 1- TOMs Unit
(ORU Optional) (5 Techs)
2- TOMs Unit & ORU(1/2 Team)
3- TOMs Unit & ORU(s)(Full Team)
4- Multi-Team
5- Full Hazmat System, plus Bomb Squad and CST activated
SituationHazard & Risk Assessment or Suspicious Substance Investigation
Short Term Entry Operation
Long Term and/or Immediate Life Safety Risk
Major Release or Extended Operation
WMD or Mass Casualty Event
Massachusetts Chemical/Radiological/Biological Incident
Response Activation Levels
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Massachusetts Chemical/Radiological/Biological Incident
Response Activation Levels
Statewide Mass Decontamination Response System
Level Response Situation State HM Response
Mass Decon I/C requests specific Limited/controlled event Tier 3 MDUs
(deployment not pre-planned)
Mass Decon 1-2 District MDU’s Moderate; single facility Tier 3 to scene& MDUs to limited occupancy
local hospitals (office building)
A
B
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Massachusetts Chemical/Radiological/Biological Incident
Response Activation Levels
Statewide Mass Decontamination Response System
Mass Decon 5 - 7 MDUs to scene Major: Shopping Mall, Tier 5& hospitals in effected Public Arena or
& surrounding fire multiple buildings districts covered by MDUs
Mass Decon Up to 17 District MDUs Extreme: Wide geographic Tier 5 to scene. Most hospitals area or major event in the state covered by MDUs
Level Response Situation State HM Response
C
D
2828
Response Objectives
Operations-level responders develop defensive, non-product contact objectives
Some effective defense actions can be taken safely at a distance
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Defensive Objectives
Isolate the area affected by the leak or spill Evacuate victims who could become
exposed Control where the spill
or release is spreading Confine the spill to a
specific area
3030
Defensive Actions
Diking and damming Absorbing or adsorbing
material Stopping the flow remotely
from a valve or shutoff Diluting or diverting material Suppressing or dispersing vapor
3131
Proper Personal Protective Equipment
PPE is needed based on the hazardous material involved Physical/chemical properties
At a minimum, fire fighters should wear full protective gear with no skin exposed and use SCBA
Standard structural firefighting PPE offers limited hazardous material protection
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Identify Emergency Decontamination Procedures
There must be a procedure or a plan in place to decontaminate any responder who accidentally becomes contaminated
Victims removed from a contaminated zone must be decontaminated Personnel who perform decon need to be
trained in proper decon methods• Rapid Access Mass Decontamination
(RAM Decon)
3333
Gauging the Potential Harm or Severity of the
Incident
Based on the toxicity and the concentration of the hazardous material, responder may be able to gauge how the incident might progress
3434
Resources for Determining the Size of
the Incident DOT-ERG
Identifies and outlines predetermined evacuation distances and basic action plans, based on spill estimates, for thousands of chemicals
Computerized or hard-copy pre-incident plan Includes reports submitted to the fire
department and topographical mapping information
3535
Reporting the Size and Scope of the Incident
Reporting the estimated incident size is done by using information available at the scene If a container (vehicle) is transporting a
known amount of material, the size of the release may be estimated
Units can be as small as square feet or as large as square miles
3636
Determine the Concentration of a Released Hazardous
Material How may an OLR determine a
material’s concentration? Litmus paper use is not an OLR action
Monitoring instruments are used to analyze the atmosphere from a safe distance
3737
Determine the Concentration of a Released Hazardous
Material
Once the concentration is known, the IC can evaluate the incident response plan A high concentration of an
acid would call for a high level of PPE
May also require the evacuation of civilians
3838
Incident Command System
Consists of five functions: Command/Operations/Planning/Logistics/Finance ICS can be expanded to handle an incident of any
size and complexity Hazardous materials incidents can be complex Local, state, and federal responders and
agencies will be involved in many cases of long duration
3939
Incident Command System
It is Federal Law that an ICS must be used at all hazardous materials incidents A written incident action and site safety plan must
be developed for the incident A special technical group, under the
Operations Section, called a Hazardous Material Branch, may be developed for the incident
4040
Incident Command System
Haz-Mat Branch
Operations Section
Science Unit
HM Safety Officer
Entry Group
Decon Group
Entry Unit
B/U( RIT) Unit
4141
The Command Post
The main hub of the ICS ICP is the collection point for all
information and resources Must be located in the
cold zone upwind and upgrade from the spill or leak to keep it from becoming contaminated
4242
The Command Post
If the ICP and personnel became contaminated, the personnel would no longer be able to control the operation
The command post could be as close as one block away or as far as miles away from the hot zone
4343
Summary
An important early notification to make is the request for additional response personnel, hazardous materials response teams staffed by trained technicians, and technical specialists
The approach to the incident should be from upwind, and from a direction that ensures that released liquids and/or vapors flow away from responders
Possible defensive actions include stopping the release with a valve or shutoff; absorbing, adsorbing, diking, damming, diverting, or diluting escaped material; and suppressing or dispersing vapor
4444
Summary
The type of personal protective equipment required depends on the material involved and the nature of the incident
The Incident Command System must be used at a haz-mat incident In a hazardous materials incident, a Hazardous
Materials Branch develops under the Operations Section in the Incident Command System