1. Grow and Reproduce 2. Digest Nutrients 3. Excrete Waste 4. Respond to Stimuli 5. Ability to adapt...
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Transcript of 1. Grow and Reproduce 2. Digest Nutrients 3. Excrete Waste 4. Respond to Stimuli 5. Ability to adapt...
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1. Grow and Reproduce
2. Digest Nutrients
3. Excrete Waste
4. Respond to Stimuli
5. Ability to adapt to the environment
6. Move
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Cells are the basic units of living organisms.
1. All living things are composed of cells– Basic units of living things
2. All cells come from pre-existing cells
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• Macromolecules – 1. Carbohydrates
• C, H, O atoms • Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
– 2. Lipids (C, H, O)• Nonpolar – hydrophobic
– 3. Proteins (+N)• Amino acids, dipeptides • Polypeptides
– 4. Nucleic acids• Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base)
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1. Carbohydrates– Cell recognition; Energy (Starches); Plant Structure (Cellulose); Glycogen
(Glucose stored in the liver)
2. Lipids– Neutral Fats (Saturated, Unsaturated, etc.); Phospholipids (Cell
Membrane); Wax (Cerumen) – Cholesterol (Cell Membrane); Hormones (Steroid)
3. Proteins – Transport in Cells; Enzymes; Hormones; Antibodies; Hemoblobin in blood;
Muscle contractile proteins
4. Nucleic Acids– Chromosomes and Genes (Inheritance) – DNA; RNA (Protein Synthesis)
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• Prokaryotic – No nucleus; no membrane organelles – Bacteria
• Eukaryotic– True Nucleus; membrane-bound organelles– Animals and Plants
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1. Basic Parts
2. Organelles
3. Role of the Nucleus
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1. Similarities to Animal Cells
2. Major Differences
3. Some Important Vocabulary • Plasmolysis • Turgid • Flaccid
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• 1. Structure – Phospholipid bilayer with membrane proteins – Polar heads (hydrophilic); Nonpolar tails
(hydrophobic)
• 2. Selectively Permeable
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1. Passive – Osmosis vs. diffusion – Materials transported – Facilitated Diffusion vs. Diffusion
2. Active – ATP Energy required
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1. Endocytosis– Outside to inside – Larger particles; liquids– ‘Importing’
2. Exocytosis– Inside to outside– ‘Exporting’ – What type of things does the cell need to get rid of? To
Export for the benefit of other cells/tissues?
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1. Body Cells (Somatic) vs. Sex Cells (Gametes)– Body Cells – 46 chromosomes; Gametes – 23
chromosomes; “diploid or 2n”
2. Mitosis vs. Meiosis– Mitosis: 2n -------- 2n – Meiosis: 2n ------ n (haploid)
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1. DNA contains genetic information inside the chromosomes.
2. Expression of genetic information
3. Production of Proteins – Protein Synthesis; Phenotypical Traits, etc.