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Final Exam ReviewPart 3

9th GradeGlobal History and Geography

Ms. Marten

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Medieval Europe (500-1500)Medieval Europe (500-1500)• lord provided fiefs (land) in exchange for loyalty and services of vassals (knights)

• LAND = MONEY $$$

• decentralized government-NO strong central government

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Medieval Europe-FeudalismMedieval Europe-Feudalism• Manors=Lord’s estate

*self-sufficient economic units of the Middle Ages

• Every manor had a church

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Feudalism—Japan and EuropeFeudalism—Japan and Europe• No social mobility

• King and Emperor only figureheads

• Japan—merchants were viewed as having little social status

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Feudalism—Japan and EuropeFeudalism—Japan and Europe

• Feudalism developed because there was no strong central government in Japan and Europe

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Medieval Europe-Catholic ChurchMedieval Europe-Catholic Church• CONTROLLED EVERYTHING!

• Unified people, gave them a sense of security and common bond (A church was found on every manor)

• Secular—the church was involved in secular (non-religious) matters

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Medieval Europe-Catholic ChurchMedieval Europe-Catholic Church• Gothic cathedrals—Stained glass, flying buttresses, vaults and pointed arches

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Medieval Europe-Catholic ChurchMedieval Europe-Catholic Church• Excommunication—controlled people through threat of banishment from church (including kings)

• Education—monks

illuminated (copied) books

and provided education at monasteries

• Canon law—Church laws

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Medieval Europe-Catholic ChurchMedieval Europe-Catholic Church

• Crusades—Holy Wars—In 1096, Pope Urban II called for knights to join war to win back Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks

• Promised any knight who died in Crusades would be guaranteed a place in heaven (Pope = power)

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Decline of Feudalism Decline of Feudalism

• Effects of the Crusades:

1. New ideas- Arabic, Greek and Roman learning and awareness of other cultures lead to the Renaissance

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Decline of Feudalism Decline of Feudalism

• Effects of the Crusades:

2. Increased demand for Eastern goods (silk, spices, teas)

3. Increase in trade

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Decline of Feudalism Decline of Feudalism • Effects of the Crusades:

4. Increase in trade leads to growth in cities

5. Growth in cities leads to breakdown of feudalism and the manor system

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Decline of FeudalismDecline of Feudalism

• Black Death(Bubonic Plague):1348-1353

1. Rats with fleas carried the disease from Asia

2. Entered Europe on trading ships

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Decline of FeudalismDecline of Feudalism• Effect of Black Death:1. Killed 1/3 of population (25

million people)2. Loss of faith in Catholic Church

and decrease in power of the pope

3. Serfs could demand higher wages in cities due to labor shortages

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Renaissance (1350-1650)Renaissance (1350-1650)• Rebirth in art and learning in Europe

• Spurred on by returning crusaders from the Byzantine Empire

• Started in Italian city-states located on the Mediterranean Sea (Venice and Florence)

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Renaissance (1350-1650)Renaissance (1350-1650)• Johann Gutenberg—invented the printing press—helped ideas spread quickly

• Humanism—new philosophy which focused on the individual uniqueness and achievement *People began to question traditional

authority (Catholic Church)

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Renaissance (1350-1650)Renaissance (1350-1650)• Art:

–Michelangelo: Painted Sistine Chapel Ceiling

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Renaissance (1350-1650)Renaissance (1350-1650)• Art:

–Leonardo da Vinci: Renaissance Man—skilled in a wide variety of areas