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FAKE NEWS Is it real or fake? Welcome to the EDUbox Fake News?!

This EDUbox gives you tips and background information that help you to expose fake news. You can then set to work as a real fake news detective and learn to distinguish fake news from other types of news.

the necessities a A team: two to six clever and creative minds. a A computer connected to the Internet. Laptops/desktops/tablets are all suitable. a Preferably one for every two people. a A smartphone to scan QR codes.

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an overview This EDUbox about fake news is divided into different parts.

The first three parts provide the basis. Once you have worked through these, you too will be able to recognise and expose fake news.

Would you like to go a step further? Be sure also to go through parts 04 and 05. Part 06 provides additional material to inspire further work.

Go to the EDUbox page:

Our journalist Tim Pauwels explains why there is so much talk about fake news nowadays.

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01 A FEW EXAMPLES OF FAKE NEWS

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Welcome, fake news detectives in the making!

Thank you for following this fake news training. Fake news is flooding the world and we need people like you who are willing to fight it! That’s important. Fake news is not fun. It has serious consequences. It can even sway the result of elections and referendums.

In a moment, we will give you tips to help you to distinguish fake news from real news. But first let’s look at three striking examples.

Each of you take an example. Take a few minutes to look at it and then tell your teammates about it in your own words. While you are telling your teammates, show them the front (picture).

Here we go!

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01 ARIANA GRANDE

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01 ARIANA GRANDE In 2017 Twitter users shared this photo of Ariana Grande just after the bomb attack in the Manchester Arena, where the pop star had just performed that evening. In the photo you can see that Ariana has only suffered minor grazes and bruises.

This photo, however, was taken on the film set of ‘Scream Queens’, a TV series from 2015, in which Ariana Grande played a role. This photo thus has absolutely nothing to do with the bomb attack.

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02 TRUMP IN LIFEBOAT

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ORIGINAL PHOTO EDITED PHOTO

02 TRUMP IN LIFEBOAT In 2018, Facebook users shared a photo of President Trump helping to rescue people who were in danger of drowning. These people were victims of the flooding caused by Hurricane Florence.

The original 2015 photo shows a rescue during floods in Texas. In the edited photo one of the rescuers has been replaced by Donald Trump.

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03 ENZO KNOL DEAD

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03 ENZO KNOL DEAD This is also an example of fake news. Well-known personalities sometimes have their deaths announced in the media when they are still very much alive.

Enzo Knol must have had quite a shock when he saw on his Instagram that hosts of people on social media were mourning his death.

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02 TIPS

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A true detective never sets to work without the proper tools. As a fake news detective, you have to follow that example.

Your tools are the following 3 cards and a video by Bram Vandeputte.

a On the cards you will find 10 rules of thumb. These rules help you to check the accuracy of received information. If you follow these rules, you will learn to deal with such information critically and consciously. You will need these tips in part 03.

a The video by Bram Vandeputte shows how VRT NWS journalists check their facts.

Here are the 10 rules of thumb: 01 Is the title neutral? 02 Who is the author? 03 What is the date? 04 Who published the news? 05 What are the sources?

06 Are the links correct? 07 What is the author’s motivation? 08 What are the preconceptions? 09 How is the info presented? 10 Is there visual material?

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IS THE TITLE NEUTRAL? #CLICKBAIT

TIP: Read more than the title.

The title does not always reflect what is in the article. A title is sometimes meant to attract attention and/or to evoke certain emotions .

Did you know that titles are sometimes adapted online to attract more clicks and that titles also often contain quotes?

WHO IS THE AUTHOR? #JOURNALIST

user TIP: Search online for more information about the author.

Is an author mentioned? Is that author a real person? Is he/she known for (un)trustworthy articles? Does he/she write for reputable sites/newspapers?

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02

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WHAT IS THE DATE? #TODAY #OLDNEWS

TIP: Check the date of the original article/posting.

When was the article written? Is its content up-to-date? Sometimes an old article has been given a new date and the content and/or title have been adapted.

WHO PUBLISHED THE NEWS? #NEWSMEDIUM #NUANCE #SAMENEWS #APPROACH

TIP: Also read articles on the topic from other sources. Do they contain the same or similar information?

Can you verify the origin of the article? Did you receive it via a trustworthy news medium or did someone only shared it with you on social media? Which audience are its creators trying to reach?

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04

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WHAT ARE THE SOURCES? #EXPERT #GENUINEQUOTE

TIP: Check the sources. Sometimes, the information given is incorrect or the content has been edited.

Where has the information come from? From another news medium, organisation, interview or report? What are they trying to achieve with the article?

ARE THE LINKS CORRECT? #FAKEHYPERLINK

link TIP: Check the links in the article by clicking on them. Also check the website’s URL.

Many articles contain links to other websites, authorities, government agencies and/or legal texts. But this does not mean that they are genuine, or that what is stated in the article is true.

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06

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WHAT IS THE AUTHOR’S MOTIVATION? #NUANCE

TIP: Ga op zoek naar elementen die aantonen waarom de auteur dit stuk schrijft.

Wat is de bedoeling van de schrijver? Waarom heeft hij het artikel geschreven of de reportage gemaakt? Is het reclame? Is het een mening? Is het om te lachen?

WHAT ARE THE PRECONCEPTIONS? #DTV #DTA

TIP: Talk to friends, adults or experts about what you think; ask their opinion.

Everyone has prejudices. You often have a preference for people who write or say certain things. Striking images or your own personal experiences can influence you.

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08

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HOW IS THE INFO PRESENTED?#LANGUAGE

A few alarm signals: edited images, typos, grammatical errors, the use of lots of capital letters or exclamation marks....

IS THERE VISUAL MATERIAL? #EDITING #REVERSEIMAGESEARCH

TIP: You can check the original source via Google images or Tineye.

Pictures say more than words. But the inclusion of visual material does not mean that something is true. Misleading posts often use visual material, such as photos and videos, that have been edited or placed in a different context.

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10

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Go to the EDUbox page:

Journalist Bram Vandeputte explains how VRT NWS checks its facts.

Extra: KLAAR - How to recognise fake news.

RECOGNISE FAKE NEWS

You have just had a first introduction to fake news stories and have been given some tips to help you identify them.

Congratulations! You have just taken the first step in your career as a fake news detective.

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03 IN PRACTICE

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ENOUGH THEORY, TIME FOR ACTION!

We have given you a lot of information about fake news. It is now time to prove that you are worthy of the title ‘fake news detective’!

The news department urgently needs your help. A lot of news reports have arrived at the news desk. Some are true, but some are not. The journalists don’t know what to do: you have to help them!

It is up to you to determine which messages are correct. Give your detective instincts free rein and prove that you are a real news expert: a master in the exposing of fake news!

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ASSIGNMENT 01

a Take the various news reports. (These reports were compiled by the makers of EDUbox.) a Read the news reports. a Discuss the reports and determine whether they are ‘fake’ or ‘real’. a For each topic, the news reports may be real or fake. Expose the fake news reports. Use the cards with the 10 rules of thumb to help you.

ASSIGNMENT 02 a Think of a possible title. a This can be fake or real. a Discuss it afterwards in the classroom.

ASSIGNMENT EXTENSION 03 a Write a news report. That report can be either fake or real, the choice is yours. You decide how long it should be. a Check whether the self-written reports of the other groups are fake or real.

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CANNABISMeer en meer cannabiswinkels in VlaanderenHet is je misschien al opgevallen wanneer je door de straten loopt. Er verschijnen steeds meer cannabiswinkels in Vlaanderen. Niet lang nadat de eerste cannabiswinkel van ons land zijn deuren opende in Brussel, volgde er nog een in Mechelen. De winkels lijken als paddenstoelen uit de grond te schieten.

In zo’n cannabiswinkel kan je alles krijgen wat met wiet te maken heeft. Cannabisolie, bloemtoppen, chocolade, koekjes, thee… Je kan er perfect legaal buiten stappen met een doosje gedroogde cannabisblaadjes. En net dat maakt de winkel zo bijzonder.

De cannabiswinkels zijn helemaal in overeenstemming met de Belgische en Europese wetgeving. Die stellen dat cannabis verkocht mag worden als de cannabisproducten minder dan 0,2% THC bevatten. En bij de producten die verkocht worden in de winkels, is dat het geval.

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CANNABISWat doet marihuana met je lichaam en hersenenWat doet marihuana nu eigenlijk met je lichaam en hersenen? Dat bestudeerden onderzoekers van de Amerikaanse National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Het team onderzocht de voor- en nadelen van de joint. Ontdek hier wat marihuana met je doet.

Marihuana maakt je gelukkig. Een van de actieve stoffen in marihuana is tetrahydrocannabinol, beter bek-end als THC. THC activeert het deel van je hersenen dat instaat voor het geluksgevoel. Dezelfde stoffen komen vrij als je eet of seks hebt.

Je hart gaat er sneller van kloppen. Als je een jointje rookt, gaat je hartslag omhoog met zo’n 20 tot 50 hartk-loppingen per minuut. De kans op een hartaanval neemt daardoor enorm toe.

Het verzacht de pijn. Marihuana bevat cannabidiol. Dat is een stof die ervoor zorgt dat je minder pijn voelt.

Maar het kan je uit balans halen. Marihua-na heeft invloed op de hersenactiviteit in het cer-ebellum en de basale gan-glia. Die twee delen van de hersenen staan in voor balans, coördinatie, reacti-etijd en houding.

Cannabis beïnvloedt het tijdsbesef. Een van de meest gerapporteerde effecten van cannabis is het gevoel dat de tijd vliegt, of juist heel traag voorbij kruipt.

Je krijgt er rode ogen van. Net als van huilen krijg je ook van marihuana rode oogjes, omdat het de bloedvaten openzet.

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CANNABIS

Nieuwsflash Er is nog niemand gestorven aan wiet. Nooit.

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CANNABISCannabis en wetgevingHet bezitten, gebruiken en verkopen van cannabis is verboden in België.

Wanneer minderjarigen betrapt worden, zal de politie een proces-verbaal opstellen en worden de ouders op de hoogte gebracht. Het proces-verbaal gaat daarna naar het jeugdparket.

Wanneer meerderjarigen betrapt worden, dan wordt daar de laagste vervolgingsprioriteit aan gegeven. Dat wil zeggen dat er een vereenvoudigd proces-verbaal zal worden opgesteld en de meerderjarige niet verder zal worden vervolgd. Maar als dat bezit van cannabis samengaat met ‘verzwarende omstandigheden’ of wanneer ‘de openbare orde’ wordt verstoord, dan geldt die laagste vervolgingsprioriteit niet.

Verder is het ook verboden om cannabis te verkopen (dealen), cannabis gratis aan te bieden of te rijden onder invloed van cannabis.

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CANNABISLegaliseren cannabis verlaagt criminaliteitHet legaliseren van wiet heeft een zeer positieve invloed op gewelddadige (drugs-)criminaliteit, zo blijkt uit onderzoek. Vooral in de staten van de VS die grenzen aan Mexico wordt er minder gemoord en beroofd wanneer er legale wiet verkocht wordt. Dat komt omdat de drugskartels daardoor een steeds kleinere afzetmarkt hebben.

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SOCIAL MEDIAVerslaving en beleidDrie op de vier Vlamingen zeggen zichzelf regels op te leggen om minder tijd op hun smartphone door te brengen. Dit toont onderzoek van mict, een onderzoeksgroep van imec aan de UGent, aan. Ook bij technologiebedrijven groeit het bewustzijn dat te veel schermtijd nefaste gevolgen kan hebben.

Steeds meer Vlamingen hebben echter genoeg van die digibesitas, zo blijkt uit een voorpublicatie van de jaarlijkse Digimeter van onderzoeksinstituut mict, waarbij 4.000 Vlamingen over hun smartphonegebruik zijn bevraagd.

Liefst 75 procent van de Vlamingen zegt zichzelf regels op te leggen om het kleinste scherm vaker aan de kant te leggen. Een markante stijging, want vorig jaar lag dat cijfer nog op 58 procent.

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SOCIAL MEDIADe sociale media drugEr bestaat een verband tussen het gebruik van sociale media en mentale problemen. Jongeren die meer dan 2 uur per dag op sociale media rondhangen, zitten minder goed in hun vel en voelen zich vaker angstig en depressief, stellen onderzoekers vast. Minstens 5 procent kan niet meer zonder Facebook en aanverwanten. Ze zijn bang om iets te missen en willen van alles op de hoogte blijven. Voortdurend je sociale media accounts ‘refreshen’ wordt op de duur een verslaving die leidt tot uitstelgedrag, concentratieproblemen en slaapstoornissen.

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SEXSeks op 14 jaar? Dat is volgens de wet niet langer strafbaarTot voor kort mochten jongeren volgens de wet pas seks hebben vanaf 16 jaar. Die wettelijke minimumleeftijd is sinds kort aangepast. Jongeren zullen vanaf nu al op 14 jaar hun toestemming kunnen geven voor een seksuele relatie. Dat sluit beter aan bij de realiteit van de jongeren. Al zijn er wel enkele voorwaarden verbonden aan die nieuwe minimumleeftijd. Zo mag de partner van de jongere maximum vijf jaar ouder zijn. Er mag ook geen machts- of vertrouwensrelatie bestaan tussen beide. De partner van de jongere mag dus geen leerkracht of sportcoach zijn.

‘De realiteit is wel wat veranderd’

Sensoa, het Vlaamse expertisecentrum voor seksuele gezondheid, reageert positief. Zij waren al langer vragende partij. “De oude wet dateert van 1900. Intussen

is de realiteit wel wat veranderd”, vertelt Erika Frans van Sensoa aan VRT. (22/06/2018)

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SEX

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SEXDe eerste keerJongeren zijn gemiddeld 15 jaar en enkele maanden wanneer ze voor het eerst seks hebben (onder de vorm van geslachtsgemeenschap). Ongeveer de helft van alle 17- tot 18-jarigen heeft al ervaring met geslachtsgemeenschap.

Strafbare seks

Seksuele handelingen met -16-jarigen zijn altijd strafbaar, zelfs wanneer de jongere ermee instemt en er geen sprake is van dwang. Bij seks onder de 16 jaar spreekt de strafwet over “aanrading van de eerbaarheid”. Seks met penetratie bij -14-jarigen wordt door de wet altijd gelijkgesteld met

verkrachting, zelfs wanneer de jongere ermee instemt. (14/02/2016)

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SEX

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SEXEcht waar: seks op 14 jaar verhoogt percentage tienerzwangerschappen

Jongeren van 14 jaar zijn onvoldoende rijp om al aan seks te beginnen. Dat zeggen onderzoekers van de universiteit en vertegenwoordigers van de kerk. Het percentage tienerzwangerschappen stijgt opmerkelijk in landen waar jongeren al vanaf 14 jaar seks mogen hebben. Ook geslachtsziektes komen vaker voor. Dat komt omdat de hersenen van 14-jarigen nog niet voldoende ontwikkeld zijn om dergelijke beslissingen te nemen; hun hormonen nemen het over, met alle gevolgen van dien.

De beslissing van de overheid om de leeftijd te verlagen, is dus een gevaarlijke stap. Willen we wonen in een land met geslachtsziektes en tienermoeders? Neen!

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CLIMATE

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CLIMATEThe polar bear is becoming extinct because of global warming!

Photographer Paul Nicklen filming starving polar bear

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CLIMATEHuman impact on climate is smallThe climate changes regularly. It has been doing so for billions of years. Human impact on climate is, however, negligibly small.

There is evidence of climate change. That is beyond dispute. But it is not as bad as the media claim. The climate is constantly changing. There has never been an era in which the climate has remained constant for a longer period. There have been both major and minor ice ages. Climatologists recently discovered that there was even a time when the world was completely frozen. Over the last million years alone, the polar caps have melted several times, only to freeze back up again with the coming of a new ice age.

The extinction of animal species is not only due to human influence. Over the ages many plant and animal species have disappeared. New and better adapted species have evolved to take their place. That climate change is due to human influence is therefore incorrect.

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CLIMATE

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CLIMATEHow can we slow down global warming? IPCC reports are very clear: our planet is in trouble. We urgently need to switch to a low-carbon economy. Everyone is therefore talking about companies having to adapt and politicians having to make decisions. But we forget that we are also responsible. We have to set a good example and stop shifting the blame onto someone else. (Frank Deboosere)

Hence these climate tips:

1) Holiday in your own country. A homegrown holiday can really be great. There is certainly plenty to see and do.

2) Conserve water. Water is a precious resource. Did you know that water has been fought over more than oil?

3) Eat more seasonal fruit and vegetables and less meat. Meat production produces a lot of carbon dioxide and requires a lot of water. Whenever possible choose local produce.

4) There are alternatives to the car. Most places in Belgium are well served by public transport. Cycling is also an option. If you still want to travel by car, consider rental or car sharing.

5) Switch off electrical appliances. Many devices continue to consume power in standby mode.

6) Set the thermostat one degree lower. Each degree lower delivers a fuel saving of around 7%.

7) Recycle and reduce. Think about what you buy. Consume less.

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04 EXTENSION WE GO A STEP FURTHER

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Nowadays, fake news seems to be everywhere. But fake news is nothing new. Even the Greeks and Romans made use of fake news. So why do we hear so much more about it now than in the past?

Fake news is more in the news than before thanks to the invention and popularity of social media, such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.

Thanks to the social media, fake news reports can be spread extremely quickly. There are also minimal controls: ion social media: anyone can post almost anything they want. There is no journalist to check that the facts are correct (as there is in the traditional news media).

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But why should we worry about those fake news reports?

Fake news reports are not written and distributed for fun. There is always an underlying reason. With their fake reports, fake news distributors want:

a to attract readers in order to earn money. a to influence our political preferences. a to put other people in a bad light.

Go to the EDUbox page:

Fake news: what is it? How can we banish it from the world?

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BEWARE! In a best case scenario, fake news simply confuses you for a time. In a worst case scenario, you believe fake news and it influences you when you make decisions. It is therefore very important to expose fake news.

There are many types of ‘fake’ and therefore not everything that is incorrect is necessarily fake news. The world is not black or white: there are also 50 shades of grey in between. The same is true of fake news.

Before we can label something ‘fake news’, three criteria have to be met:

1. The report does not impart truthful information.2. The report was intentionally created and distributed to deceive and mislead.3. The person who makes/distributes the report does so for a specific reason.

(to win votes, to make money, etc.)

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NEVER SIMPLY SAY ‘FAKE NEWS’!

Yes, there is definitely fake news circulating online. But fake news is just one type of misleading information. Satire, for example, can also be misleading, as can hate speech or framing. It is important to label such types appropriately and not just to lump them all together under the label ‘fake news’.

The following diagram shows a number of types of misleading information that are not fake news. NB: this is not a complete list

Go to the EDUbox page:

Bram Vandeputte explains the different types.

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Propaganda Bad journalism Satire/parody

Hate speech Framing Complottheorie theory

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DEEPFAKE

Finally, we have to point out that, even with your fake news training, you will occasionally be fooled by fake news. Sometimes fake news is so well made and sophisticated that even experts have a hard time determining whether it is real or fake. One example of this deepfake.

Deepfake is a technique in which artificial intelligence is used to create very realistic fake videos by manipulating images, audio and video. In this way it is possible to make real people say and do things they would never have said or done in reality.

Go to the EDUbox page:

Watch a sample deepfake video with Wim De Vilder.

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ASSIGNMENT EXTENSION

a Take the online test: tinyurl.com/EDUbox-Nepnieuws-Quiz a Discuss the examples and determine what type of news report they are. When doing this, use the diagram on page 44. a Also use the info cards with tips from part 2.

Go to the EDUbox Quiz:

Go to the Fake News Quiz and practice the different types of news report.

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05 FILTER BUBBLE WE GO A STEP FURTHER

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HAVE YOU EVER HEARD OF A FILTER BUBBLE OR ECHO CHAMBER ON SOCIAL MEDIA?

Facebook and other social media select what you see on your timeline. You only receive information about topics that Facebook – through the use of algorithms – knows you find interesting. This is called the filter bubble.

Sounds handy, doesn’t it? Maybe so, but such filtering stops you hearing about other topics you might also find interesting, but aren’t immediately occupied with or thinking about. This makes your world very small: you only get to see what you already know.

Go to the EDUbox page:

For more information about algorithms you can view the KLAAR video ‘Facebook and me’.

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On the social media there is also such a thing as the virtual ‘echo chamber’.

This means that you only see messages on your timeline from friends whose interests and opinions are the same as yours.

a Do you have a friend who loves football just as much as you do? Then there is a good chance that you will see his/her messages on your timeline. a Do you have a friend who hates Calvin Harris and Fortnite, when those are two of your favourites? Then there is little chance that you will see her/his messages on your timeline.

This warps your vision of the world. You believe (most probably wrongly) that everyone thinks like you and likes the same things you do.

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And that all because of algorithms…

Algorithms do indeed determine what you get served up to you online. An algorithm is a set of instructions. It keeps track of what you look up, click on and share. In this way, it learns what you find interesting and amusing. The algorithm then utilises this information to show you on Facebook, for example, only the topics that interest you (filter bubble).

You can confuse an algorithm by occasionally making an effort to read things that are outside your usual sphere of interest. This will give you a more varied timeline on Facebook.

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Algorithms and fake newsAlgorithms are frequently used with less than good intentions. Anyone who understands how such instructions work can make money by creating clickbait: content – often fake – the main purpose of which is to encourage visitors to click on a link.

A report with the headline ‘Pope caught with prostitute’ can quickly go viral. If you post this report on a website where there is a lot of advertising, it can earn you a lot of money if, for example, it has been agreed that advertisers will pay 1 cent per view of that page. If 1 million people click on your ‘Pope’ report, you will have earned 10,000 euros.

Troll alarm!The posting and distribution of fake stories is never done under the poster’s real name. Instead, he/she uses trolls. These are fake social media accounts that use fictitious names and photos copied from other people’s accounts.

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ASSIGNMENT EXTENSION

a Go to your Facebook page. How many Facebook friends do you have? How many of those friends have messages appearing on your timeline? Much fewer? Is that also the case with your friends? a Go to Google. Enter the word ‘holiday’ in the search bar. Compare your results with those of a friend who has also just googled the word ‘holiday’. Did you get the same results? Or did the algorithm do its work?

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06 EXTRA

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After this EDUbox session, would you like to learn more? Then we have a few interesting videos and tools and extra background information for you on this topic.

Have fun!

1. Poster: Is this information real or fake? The tips in this EDUbox are based on a poster developed by Mediawijs and StampMedia that lists the 10 most important questions you should ask to determine whether reports and messages are real or fake. You can order a free copy of the poster from Mediawijs. mediawijs.be/tools/affiche-betrouwbare-info-of-toch-fake

2. Artevelde University College, journalism training, research report Based on a large-scale survey of 641 youngsters between the ages of 15 and 24, this reports allows youngsters to talk about fake news and Facebook. Do youngsters find it hard to recognise fake news? How do they check whether something is real or fake? And what do they know about Facebook? bit.ly/2T1FjmH

3. VRT NWS KLAAR KLAAR is a VRT NWS project. Klaar is the Dutch word for clear. KLAAR provides youngsters with weekly news videos, editorial comment and contextualisation tailored to their needs. KLAAR ensures that complicated and sensitive topics are explained clearly. onderwijs.hetarchief.be/klaar/archief

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4. Fake news teaching package

In collaboration with Stampmedia and the Flemish News Association (Vlaamse Nieuwsmedia) and within the framework of ‘News in the classroom’, Mediawijs has developed a ‘Fake News’ educational package. In the package you will find information about the different types of fake news and a checklist to help you to identify incorrect and misleading news reports. Using different methods, youngsters will learn to think about news critically, to form their own opinions, to make their own news reports and to determine whether news reports and photos are real or fake. nieuwsindeklas.be/aan-de-slag-met-nieuws-in-de-klas/lesmateriaal/lespakket-fake-news

5. Bad News Whether it is to identify occult forces, parking zones or disinformation, to develop a sixth sense, you have to practice. In the game ‘Bad News’ (Slecht Nieuws) you yourself become a fake news maker. Your mission is to attract as many followers as possible and to deceive them all. Bad News is a serious game about disinformation developed by ‘Wij zijn Drog’. slechtnieuws.nl

6. Media literacy On the ‘Visual and Media Literacy’ project page of the Archive for Education website you will find practical tips to help you to look at images critically and thus identify fake news. onderwijs.hetarchief.be/content/beeldgeletterdheid

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Would you like even more links?

On our website we regularly update and expand the list of interesting links. So keep an eye on our website. vrt.be/edubox/nepnieuws

ANTWOORDEN VOOR DE LEERKRACHTEN HOOFDSTUK 03: JUIST OF FOUT

Cannabis į Meer en meer cannabiswinkels in Vlaanderen į Wat doet marihuana met je lichaam en hersenen į (Meme Family Guy) Breaking news: Weed still hasn’t killed anybody. Ever. į Cannabis en wetgeving į Legaliseren cannabis verlaagt criminaliteit

Sociale media į Verslaving en beleid į De sociale media drug

Seks į Seks op 14 jaar? Dat is volgens de wet niet langer strafbaar į (Facebook VRT NWS) Seks op 14 niet langer strafbaar: “weerspiegeling van de realiteit” N De eeste keer į Grafieken į Echt waar: seks op 14 jaar verhoogt percentage tienerzwangerschappen

Klimaat N (Tweet Trump) Global warming is an expensive hoax N (Foto ijsbeer na winterslaap) De ijsbeer sterft uit door opwarming van de aarde N Invloed van mens op klimaat is klein į (Cartoon VRT NWS) Stop maar met dat zielig gedoe! į Hoe kunnen we de klimaatopwarming afremmen?