1 Example of addition polymers. 2 Synthetic and Biological Polymers Polymers: Macromolecules formed...

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1 Example of addition polymers

Transcript of 1 Example of addition polymers. 2 Synthetic and Biological Polymers Polymers: Macromolecules formed...

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  • 1 Example of addition polymers
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  • 2 Synthetic and Biological Polymers Polymers: Macromolecules formed by the covalent attachment of a set of small molecules termed monomers. Polymers are classified as: (1)Man-made or synthetic polymers that are synthesized in the laboratory; (2)Biological polymer that are found in nature. Synthetic polymers: nylon, poly-ethylene, poly-styrene Biological polymers: DNA, proteins, carbohydrates
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  • 3 Methods for making polymers Addition polymerization and condensation polymerization Addition polymerization: monomers react to form a polymer without net loss of atoms. Most common form: free radical chain reaction of ethylenes n monomersone polymer molecule
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  • 200 C 2000 atm O 2 peroxidespolyethylene H2CH2CH2CH2C CH 2 Free-Radical AdditionPolymerization of Ethylene
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  • polypropylene H2CH2CH2CH2C CHCH 3 CHCHCHCHCHCHCH CH 3 Free-Radical Polymerization of Propene
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  • ..RO.. H2CH2CH2CH2C CHCH 3 Mechanism
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  • H2CH2CH2CH2C CHCH 3.. RO: Mechanism
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  • H2CH2CH2CH2C CHCH 3.. RO: Mechanism CHCH 3 H2CH2CH2CH2C
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  • H2CH2CH2CH2C H2CH2CH2CH2C.. RO: Mechanism
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  • H2CH2CH2CH2C CHCH 3 H2CH2CH2CH2C.. RO: Mechanism CHCH 3 H2CH2CH2CH2C
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  • H2CH2CH2CH2C H2CH2CH2CH2C H2CH2CH2CH2C.. RO: Mechanism
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  • H2CH2CH2CH2C CHCH 3 H2CH2CH2CH2C H2CH2CH2CH2C.. RO: Mechanism CHCH 3 H2CH2CH2CH2C
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  • Likewise... H 2 C=CHCl polyvinyl chloride H 2 C=CHC 6 H 5 polystyrene F 2 C=CF 2 Teflon
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  • 14 Important constitutions for synthetic polymers
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  • 15 Supramolecular structure of polymers
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  • 16 Structural properties of linear polymers: conformationa l flexibility and strength
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  • 17 Cross linking adds tensile strength
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  • 18 Condensation polymerization Condensation polymerization: the polymer grows from monomers by splitting off a small molecule such as water or carbon dioxide. Example: formation of amide links and loss of water Monomers First unit of polymer + H 2 O
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  • 20 Supramolecular Structure of nylon Intermolecular hydrogen bonds give nylon enormous tensile strength Hydrogen bonds between chains
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  • 21 Biopolymers Nucleic acid polymers (DNA, RNA) Amino acids polymers (Proteins) Sugar polymers (Carbohydrates) Genetic information for the cell: DNA Structural strength and catalysis: Proteins Energy source: Carbohydrates
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  • Proteins: amino acid monomers The difference between amino acids is the R group The basic structure of an amino acid monomer
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  • 24 Proteins: condensation polymers Formed by condensation polymerization of amino acids Monomers: 20 essential amino acids Glycine (R = H) + Glycine First step toward poly(glycine) General structure of an amino acid R is the only variable group
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  • 25 Representation of the constitution of a protein
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  • 26 Three D representation of the structure of a protein
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  • DNA
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  • 28 The monomers: Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Phosphate- Sugar (backbone) of DNA
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  • 29 Phosphate- sugar backbone holds the DNA macromolecule together
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  • 30 One strand unwinds to duplicate its complement via a polymerization of the monomers C, G, A and T
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  • Carbohydrates
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