1 Essential Standard 2.00 POB-F Objective 2.03. Types of productions and manufacturing Production...
-
Upload
duane-dennis -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
2
Transcript of 1 Essential Standard 2.00 POB-F Objective 2.03. Types of productions and manufacturing Production...
STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS
1
Essential Standard 2.00POB-F Objective 2.03
TOPICS
Types of productions and manufacturing
Production and manufacturing planning Business operations
2
TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND MANUFACTURING
3
The forms of production:1. Extraction and cultivation -most basic form of production-obtaining products from nature or-using natural resources to grow
Examples: -agricultural products- fish, chicken, tomatoes, and broccoli- Natural products- iron ore, bauxite, raw diamonds, oil
Forms of Production
2. Processing
– changing and improving the form of another product
– Increases its value and usefulness
Examples: honey removed with comb and packaged
-Fresh mangoes processed at cannery
-Oil sent to refineries to be processed into gasoline, heating oil, motor oil
4
Forms of Production
3. Manufacturing
– combining raw materials and processed goods into finished products
–either other businesses or consumers may use finished products
Examples: -Craftsman using tools and materials to build cabinets in a
kitchen-Design of a computer microchip-Building high speed rail system-Manufacturing cosmetics, china, shoes, furniture
5
TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND MANUFACTURING
Mass production - using assembly processes to produce large quantities of identical products Employees have precise tasks, specialized tools
and equipment Can result in monotonous work & reduced
motivation Companies use computers and robotics to
perform many repetitive proceduresExamples: Krispy Kreme donuts, Maybelline lipstick,
and Nike sneakers, automobiles
6
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uztA6JCKB4s
TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND MANUFACTURING
Custom manufacturing - process of producing a specific and exclusive product for a customer
When customer has unique needs or product has a specific use
Designers, tool makers, and assemblers work together
Examples: ceramics, prosthetic limbs, signs, buildings, landscapes, bridges, dentures, vehicles
7
Eclipse GSX Wide Custom Body Kit Transformation
TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND MANUFACTURING
Materials processing- process of changing raw materials to another form in order to be consumed or used to make other products
Examples: Oil companies refine crude oilMills process wheat into flour
Film processors convert into photographs
8
9
PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES
Production and manufacturing involve the following activities in order to produce products:1. Product development2. Production planning3. Inventory management
10
WHAT IS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT?
Product development is the process of creating or improving the form of another product.
Why do companies develop new product? Consumer demand Keep up with trends New technology Retain sales
NEW PRODUCT IDEAS
Work with your partner to brainstorm an idea for a new/improved product that you could sell.
Ideas: Toothpaste, writing instrument, shoes, clothing, deodorant, frozen food, athletic equipment, writing instrument, etc.
No video games, software, plays What are your products features? What will it
do special? What colors does it come in. Draw a pic and label its features.
11
LIFE CYCLE OF A PRODUCT
Introduction Growth phase Maturity phase Decline obsolete
12
13
Product researchperformed by engineers and other
scientists to develop new products or to discover improvements for existing
products.
Goal: to develop new products that will meet the needs of customers and improve current products offered by the company
WHAT IS PRODUCT RESEARCH?
14
1. Scientist develop idea2. Design engineers create models-
prototypes 3. Models are tested and revised4. Best model is chosen5. Materials selected to make usable
product6. Financial experts determine costs of
production
WHAT ARE STEPS IN PRODUCT DESIGN?
15
APPLIED RESEARCH
Marketing research that studies existing products to develop design improvements or new product uses
Auto manufacturers study current design to improve efficiency of engines or improve product safety
Engineers experiment with solar designs for renewable energy sources
Improved athletic shoes designed especially for runners, aerobics, walking, etc.
Development of formulas for corn based ethanol as an alternative fuel
PURE RESEARCH
Discovers new solutions to problems Drug manufacturers study diseases and
immune systems to uncover treatment or cures Scientists at the CDC (Center for Disease
Control) Doctors at Duke U Medical Research Center No specific product in mind Goal- to uncover new treatments or cures
16
17
PRODUCTION PLANNING ACTIVITIES Production process –identifying the
steps/activities, equipment, and resources needed to manufacture products – what are the steps in the production activity?
Production resources – setting up machines, tools, and other equipment needed for production
Personnel – determines # of employees and skills needed for completion of production, hires and trains additional staff if required
PRODUCT DESIGN
Product design is first creating a model and then deciding the best possible design.
18
http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=148028
http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=148382
19
WHAT IS CONTINUOUS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT ?
Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) -ongoing effort to improve manufacturing processes to increase the quality of work
Purpose: to reduce Errors Inefficiencies Waste
Continuous reviewing with goal of finding ways to improve
Not just manufacturing: Disney, McDonalds, teacherswww.thomasgroup.com/eLibrary/case-studies.aspx
20
Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) has the following six steps:
1. Involve everyone.2. Identify process activities.3. Establish quality performance standards
aka benchmarks.4. Select measurement tools.5. Monitor performance and compare to
standard continuously.6. Look for ways to improve process
quality.
Would Continuous Process Improvement affects prices that consumers pay for products?How might you apply the CPI concepts to your personal goals?
21
BUSINESS OPERATIONS
Common business operations: Inventory management Facilities management Logistics Scheduling Safety and security Information management
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
Inventory- detailed account of a company’s materials, supplies and finished product
Inventory management maintains the supply of all resources
needed ensures that each item need to make
product is available at time and place needed
keeps record of supply and costs of resources
Keeps accurate record of all merchandise
22
23
WHAT IS FACILITIES MANAGEMENT?
Why would a business need to be concerned about management of their facilities? To know buildings and land are
repaired, running properly and prepared to be used
Facilities management - managing buildings and land of a business and ensuring that everything is used, repaired, and running properly.
24
How do businesses obtain their products and services in a timely manner to make available for customers? LOGISTICS
Logistics - managing the receiving, moving, and storing of supplies, materials, and finished products
WHAT IS LOGISTICS?
LOGISTICS
Transport of: Employees Equipment Materials in Finished products
out Highways,
interstates Railroads Ships, boats airports
Storage of/workspace for: Employees supplies Raw materials Finished goods Shipping area Movement of goods
between departments
25
WHAT CAN BROWN DO FOR YOU?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-23mkL69ic&feature=BFa&list=PL79DF4DEC6808C29E&lf=rellist
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eL75TVcJJPc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgui8TeJ57o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pQV549pt44 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbiOmV8QUjU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-d1wWoFJ9I
26
27
SCHEDULING
What is involved in scheduling work, people, and resources for a business?
Scheduling – managing: activities to be completed the people who will complete the work the resources needed for completing the
task
ADDITIONAL HIRING NEEDED WHEN?
When might additional employees be hired by the following businesses? Clothing retailer Hospital School system Day care operation Military supplier Police department
28
29
SAFETY AND SECURITY
What is involved in safety and security for a business?
Safety and security - managing personnel being in place to prevent accidents and injuries of employees and customers and protect people and property.
SAFETY AND SECURITY
Goal: Minimizing human and property losses
Procedures- fire drills, tornado drills Personnel Security plans- catastrophic events
Hurricane, fire, tornado Encourage workplace safety Secure employees & customers Recognize safety records
30
31
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
When does a company use information management?
When information needs to be coordinated between
Customers, employees, supervisors, managers
Locations at various sites-local, regional, international
32
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
GOALS:1. To collect, organize, and securely
maintain all needed information2. To provide instantaneous access to
info required to perform work and make decisions
3. To prevent access to information by those unauthorized to use it
4. To use technology to improve communication and information sharing
33
MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Operational plan-identifies how work will be done, who will do it, and what resources will be needed
Operating budget -detailed financial plan for a production unit, marketing department or other area of the business
Schedules - matching people with resources
Procedures – list of steps to be followed for performing a particular work activity
Standards – a specific measurement against which a result is judged
TECHNOLOGY TOOLS - TYPES OF SOFTWARE
Supply chain management software allows cooperating companies to share ordering, production, and shipping information, tract products, and exchange customer data
Collaboration software provides real time communications by voice, texts, videos using computers around the world
Computer security provides access and restrictions, usage data, privacy, virus protection for networks
Inventorymanagement of sales, purchases, payment; tracks production, usage and sales, prints bar codes
34
TECHNOLOGY TOOLS - TYPES OF SOFTWARE
Project Management keeps tract of project calendars, tasks, to-do lists, work assignments and project resources
Budgeting automates budget planning, compares budgets from one time period to another, coordinates budgets among department
Document Management controls production, storage, management, and distribution of electronic documents
Manufacturing Automation monitors and controls manufacturing machines, checks for errors and defects, reports on production levels
35