1 Eric Norman Nuclear Engineering Dept. UC Berkeley and LBNL
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Transcript of 1 Eric Norman Nuclear Engineering Dept. UC Berkeley and LBNL
1
Eric NormanNuclear Engineering Dept. UC Berkeley and LBNL
http://www.lbl.gov/abc/
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The Four ElementsThe Four Elements
Earth Air
Fire Water
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The Beginning of Nuclear The Beginning of Nuclear ScienceScience
Scientists in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s made discoveries which would change the course of science and medicine.
Henri Becquerel
Marie and Pierre Curie
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Atomic and Nuclear StuctureAtomic and Nuclear Stucture Atom - smallest unit of a chemical element
Size on the order of 10-8 cm (1 Angstrom) Contains Z electrons (Qe = -1e, me = 0.511 MeV/c2)
– e = 1.602x10-19 Coulomb– and
Nucleus – Size on the order of 10-13 cm (1 Fermi ) Contains more than 99.9% of the mass of the atom Made of Z protons and N neutrons Proton (Qp = +1e, mp = 938.28 MeV/c2 ) Neutron (Qn = 0, mn = 939.57 MeV/c2 ) A = Atomic mass = Z + N Held together by strong nuclear force
ZXN where X = chemical symbolA
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Structure of the Nucleus
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RadioactivityRadioactivity
Ernest Rutherford determined there were 3 kinds of radioactivity
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Nuclear Reactions
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E = mc2
m = E/c2
Typical nuclear energies are on the order of millions of electron volts (MeV)
1 eV = 1.602x10 -19 joule
A Bit of Special Relativity
Albert Einstein
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RelativisticCollisions (RHIC)
Medium Energy (JLAB)
Low Energy (small accelerators)
Nuclear Astrophysics (small accelerators, FRIB)