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EPCglobal Training SuiteEPCglobal Training SuiteEPCglobal Training SuiteEPCglobal Training Suite

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What is RFID?What is RFID?

Radio Frequency IDentification• Contactless communication between objects• Communication by reflected power• Can identify objects in communication range

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History of RFIDHistory of RFID

World War II (1939~1950)• IFF (Identity ： Friend or Foe) used in U.K. Air Force

Oct. 1948• “Communication by Means of Reflected Power” proposed by Harry

Stockman (Senior of the Institute of Radio Engineers)

1960 ~ 1970• First RFID business application “Electronic Article

Surveillance (EAS)” published

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History of RFIDHistory of RFID

1990 ~ 2000• The organization EPCglobal is set up by EAN and UCC to

achieve worldwide adoption and standardization of Electronic Product Code (EPC) technology

2000 ~ present• Wal-Mart uses RFID techniques for tracking goods in supply

chain• RFID techniques are used in open system

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RFID ComponentsRFID Components

Tag• The data carrier that can attach to goods, pallets, containers or be

carried by people

• Composed by silicon chip and antenna

• Usually communicate with Reader passively

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RFID ComponentsRFID Components

Interrogator (Reader)• Send radio frequency signal to activate Tags and to

communicate with Tags

• The device for reading, writing or doing other operations with tags

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Classification of Radio FrequencyClassification of Radio Frequency

Low Frequency (LF)• 125KHz, 135KHz are used• Lower interference by metal and water• Lower reading range• Lower data transmit rate

High Frequency (HF)• 13.56MHz is used• Lower reading range• Higher data transmit rate than LF• Capable for reading multiple tags at a time

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Classification of Radio FrequencyClassification of Radio Frequency

Ultra High Frequency (UHF)• 433MHz, 860~960MHz are used• Lower antenna implement cost• High reading range• High data transmit rate• High interference by metal and water

Microwave (MV)• 2.45 GHz is used• Highest reading range• No standardized

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Classification of Radio FrequencyClassification of Radio Frequency

Lower Frequency

High Frequency Ultra High Frequency

Microwave

Frequency 10KHz ~ 1MHz 1MHz ~ 400MHz 400MHz ~ 1GHz 1GHz or above

ReadingRange 0 ~ 3 cm 1 ~ 15 cm 1 ~ 600 cm Hundred

meters

Transmit Rate Low Low High High

Metal/Water Interference No No Yes Yes

Multiple Tags Reading No Yes Yes Yes

Standardized Yes Yes Yes No

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Classification of Tag CapabilityClassification of Tag Capability

Passive Tag• Activated by Reader• Low cost and communication range

Semi-Passive Tag• Built-in battery but communicating passively• Higher communication range and data transmit rate

Active Tag• Built-in battery and communicating actively• Highest communication range and data transmit rate

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Pros and Cons of RFIDPros and Cons of RFID

Pros• Larger data storage space, and data is editable• Read multiple Tags at same time. Higher efficiency• Tag can encapsulate to protect environment impact

Cons• Higher cost • Easy influenced by water, metal, and environment conditions

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Basic ApplicationsBasic Applications

Electronic Payment System• Easy Card (悠遊卡 )• I Card (一卡通 )• Octopus (八達通 )

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Basic ApplicationsBasic Applications

Access Control System

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Advanced ApplicationAdvanced Application

Warehouse Management

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Advanced ApplicationAdvanced Application

Supply Chain Management