1. enzymes 1213 (1)

METABOLISM

By. Lilik Hidayah,SPd.MP.

04/14/2023 Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP. 2

METABOLISM ………?

Metabolism: all of the reactions in the organism body that involve energy transformation (Yunani metabole:berubah).

Metabolism includes :1. Catabolism: breaks large molecules into smaller

ones; usually releases energy2. anabolism: synthesis of large molecules from

smaller ones; usually for the storage of energy


ENZYMES

ENZYMES METABOLISM

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Enzymes are subtance (protein) that can accelerate a chemical reaction, but it does not follow to react, pass by reducing activation energy needed for a reaction

Called biocatalyst Enzymes regulate cell metabolism

Substrat enzim : reaktan dimana enzim akan bekerja.

Produk : materi baru yg dihasilkan dari reaksi kimia yg dikatalis enzim

ENZYME (BIOKATALISATOR)


THE EFFECT OF AN ENZYME ON ACTIVATION


THE COMPOSITION OF ENZYME

1. Enzim protein sederhana: hanya terdiri atas protein

2. Enzim konjugasi/holoenzim: terdiri atas….. – protein (apoenzim): bersifat lebih labil krn terpengaruh oleh

suhu dan pH – non protein (gugus prostetik), gugus aktif enzim berperan

dalam membantu aktivitas katalitic enzim dpt berikatan kuat dg tempat aktif secara permanen, dpt berikatan lemah dan reversible bersama-sama dg subtrat.Macam:A. Kofaktor: molekul anorganik, mis: Fe, Cu, ZnB. Koenzim: molekul organic, mis: NADH, FADH, vitamin


1. NAD (koenzim 1)2. NADP (koenzim 2)3. FMN dan FAD4. Cytokrom: cytokrom a, a3, b, b6, c, dan f5. Plastoquinon, plastosianin, feredoksin6. ATP: senyawa organik berenergi tinggi, mengandung 3 gugus P dan adenin

ribose

THE COMPOSITION OF ENZYME

CONTOH KOENZIM


CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYME

1. Enzyme is a protein2. Biocatalytic3. Control rates of metabolic

reactions4. Lower activation energy needed

to start reactions5. Work/Substrate spesifically6. One enzyme molecule can work

frequently7. It is reversible in working8. Work inside cell or outside cell9. Shape of active site determines

substrate


HOW AN ENZYME WORKS

WORKING METHOD OF ENZYME1. THE LOCK AND KEY THEORY (1890)

2. INDUCED FIT THEORY (1958)


CATATAN:1. Logam, memacu aktifitas enzim: Mg, Mn,

Co, Fe2. Logam berat, menghambat aktivitas enzim:

Pb, Cu, Z n, Cd, Ag3. vitamin memacu kerja enzim


THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENZYME ACTIVITY

TemperaturepHConcentration of enzymesConcentration of substratsConcentration of productsWater Inhibitor

1. Irreversible Inhibitor2. Reversible Inhibitor 3. Competitive inhibitor4. Competitive inhibitor


• Enzyme is named based on its subtrate and given by suffix “ase”ex. Lipase, amilase, maltase, etc.

• Systematic methodSystematic nomenclature is based on the reaction which happensex. ATP + glucose ADP + glucose 6-fosfat enzymes is ATP glucose 6-fosfatase

• Trivial methodshort nomenclature of an enzymes, ex. hexokinase

• Enzyme is named based on that happens in a reaction enzymes is grouped:– Hydrolase: Akhir reaksi dihasilkan air ex. Lipase,

amilase– Desmolase: memecah ikatan kimia ex. Transaminase,

karboksilase

NOMENCLATURE AND GROUPING OF ENZYME

1. enzymes 1213 (1)

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