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Eng. Firas Alawneh

Head of Photovoltaics (PV) DivisionNational Energy Research Center (NERC)

Royal Scientific Society (RSS)Amman-Jordan

firas.alawneh@nerc.gov.jo

Photovoltaic Applications

Outline

• Types of PV Systems– Standalone “off-grid”– Grid connected “on-grid”

• NERC’s PV projects implemented in Year 2014.• NERC’s PV projects in progress.

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Types of PV Systems

Standalone “off-grid”

Grid-connected “on-grid”

Without storage

With storage

Hybrid Systems directly connected

to the public grid

connected to public grid via house grid

Motors “e.g. pumps”

DC Systems

AC Systems

with wind turbine

with diesel generator

with public grid backup

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Off-grid / Without battery storage / Direct-coupled DC system

PV Array DC Load

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Solar Water Heaters

Off-grid / Without battery storage / Direct-coupled DC system

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Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned DC system

PV Array DC LoadDC/DC Power Conditioning

Unit

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Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned DC system

DC Submersible Water Pumping System

PV Array DC/DC Pump Controller DC Submersible Pump

Variable Voltage(Proportional to Solar Intensity)

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Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned AC system

PV Array AC LoadDC/AC Power Conditioning

Unit

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Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned AC system

AC Submersible Water Pumping System

PV Array DC/AC Pump ControllerAC Submersible

Pump

Variable Voltage & Frequency(Proportional to Solar Intensity)

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Off-grid / With battery storage / DC system

PV Array DC Load

Charge &

Load Controller

Battery

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Solar Home Systems & DC Industrial Systems

PV ArrayDC Load

Off-grid / With battery storage / DC system

Battery Bank

Charge & Load Controller

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Off-grid / With battery storage / AC system

PV ArrayCharge

Controller

Battery

DC/AC Inverter

AC Load

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Solar Home Systems & AC Industrial Applications

PV Array

AC Load

Off-grid / With battery storage / AC system

Battery Bank

Charge Controller

DC/AC InverterWith fixed voltage & frequency

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Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System

PV ArrayCharge

Controller

Battery

DC/AC Inverter

AC LoadOther

Source

Power Conditioning

Unit

DC-Coupled

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Hybrid Solar/Wind PV Array

AC Load

Battery Bank

Charge Controller

Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System

DC/AC Inverter

Wind Turbine

Wind Controller

DC-Coupled

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Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System

PV ArrayPV

Inverter

BatteryDC/AC Inverter

AC Load

Other Source

Power Conditioning

Unit

AC-Coupled

Grid Former

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Inverters

Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System

AC Bus )3-phase(

Hybrid Solar/Wind/Diesel

AC-Coupled

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• The grid is the network of cables by which electricity is transported from power stations to houses, buildings & other places.

• A grid connected PV system is linked to this grid or electrical network. This means that it can deliver the electricity it produces into the electricity network and therefore no battery or other storage is needed.

On-grid PV Systems

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On-grid PV Systems

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GRID CONNECTED PV SYSTEMS

PV GENERATOR

DC

AC

M

LOAD

GRID

kWh Counter

PVNet meteringThe difference between production-consumption is measured

PV GENERATOR

DC

AC

M

LOAD

GRIDPV

M

Feed-in tariffThe total production of energy is measured

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SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL GRID CONNECTED INVERTER

SG+

SG-

S1

S4

S3

S2 Filter

Full bridge Transformer

P

N

Self-commutated inverter, with pulse width modulation and line frequency transformer

Time

Switches S1,S2 cooperate during one half-period - S3,S4 during next half-period

Pulse width modulation PWM

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PV Power Plant

Large PV power plants

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Large on-grid PV power plants

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Large Scale PV Systems

Building integrated photovoltaic systems BIPVs

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Building Integrated PV )BIPV(

NERC’s PV Projects Implemented in Year 2014

• PV Street Lighting for Free Zone Muwaqar• 1 MWp PV grid-connected system in Ma’an.• 65 kWp PV grid-connected systems in Fefa.

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NERC’s PV Projects in Progress

• FOSTErinMED (ENPI/CBC-MED).• MED-SOLAR (ENPI/CBC-MED).• PV Street Lighting in Mafraq.• 700 kWp PV grid-connected system in

Amman.• 250 kWp PV grid-connected system in

Amman

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Thanks

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