1. edema; hemodynamic disorders

Hemodynamic Disorders

Edema Hyperemia and Congestion Hemorrhage Hemostasis and Thrombosis Embolism Infarction Shock

Hemodynamic Disorders

Edema Hyperemia and Congestion Hemorrhage Hemostasis and Thrombosis Embolism Infarction Shock

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Dr. Krishna Tadepalli, MD, www.mletips.com

DefinitionsHomeostasis maintaining blood as a liquid Thrombosis Clotting at inappropriate sitesHemostasis Clotting at appropriate site (site of

injury) Embolism migration of clots Infarction obstruction of blood flow to tissues

and leads to cell death Hemorrhage inability to clot after vascular

injury Shock extensive hemorrhage can result in

hypotension and death

DefinitionsHomeostasis maintaining blood as a liquid Thrombosis Clotting at inappropriate sitesHemostasis Clotting at appropriate site (site of

injury) Embolism migration of clots Infarction obstruction of blood flow to tissues

and leads to cell death Hemorrhage inability to clot after vascular

injury Shock extensive hemorrhage can result in

hypotension and death2


Edema = Increased fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces Anasarca: Generalized edema + profound subcutaneous

swelling Pathophysiology

1. Increased Hydrostatic Pressure Most common cause - Congestive heart failure,

others - DVT2. Decreased oncotic or osmotic Pressure

Nephrotic syndrome, Cirrhosis3. Sodium retention

Renal failure, Renin- Angiotensin - Aldosterone4. Inflammation

Acute or chronic, Type of edema exudate in inflammatory and transudate

in non inflammatory conditions








in non inflammatory conditions 3


Edema - Pathogenesis

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Edema Morphology = Mostly involve Subcutaneous tissues, Lung,

Brain Subcutaneous – can be pitting (Cardiac or renal disorders) or

non – pitting ( Thyroid disorders) Pitting edema can be in dependent parts (at ankles in

ambulatory and Back or sacrum in bedridden patients- cardiac disorders) nondependent area ( periorbital in renal disorders)

Lung or Pulmonary edema – Most common in Left Heart failure, lungs are wet and heavy, pink frothy fluid in alveoli

Cerebral edema – localized ( Abscess, Neoplasms) / Generalized ( Encephalitis), narrowed sulci and distended gyri, fatal if edema develops rapidly (due to cerebellar or Tonsillar Herniation)

Edema Morphology = Mostly involve Subcutaneous tissues, Lung,

Brain Subcutaneous – can be pitting (Cardiac or renal disorders) or

non – pitting ( Thyroid disorders) Pitting edema can be in dependent parts (at ankles in

ambulatory and Back or sacrum in bedridden patients- cardiac disorders) nondependent area ( periorbital in renal disorders)

Lung or Pulmonary edema – Most common in Left Heart failure, lungs are wet and heavy, pink frothy fluid in alveoli

Cerebral edema – localized ( Abscess, Neoplasms) / Generalized ( Encephalitis), narrowed sulci and distended gyri, fatal if edema develops rapidly (due to cerebellar or Tonsillar Herniation)

Clinical significanceIn Almost disorders causing edema, excess sodium re-absorption ( via Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone pathway) is key factor Treatment salt intake, Diuretics (↑sodium Excretion), Aldosterone antagonists

Clinical significanceIn Almost disorders causing edema, excess sodium re-absorption ( via Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone pathway) is key factor Treatment salt intake, Diuretics (↑sodium Excretion), Aldosterone antagonists 5


Edema

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in non inflammatory conditions








in non inflammatory conditions 7


1. edema; hemodynamic disorders

Health & Medicine

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