1. Economic and social differences between the North and South 2. States rights vs. Federal authority 3. The issue of slavery 4. The election of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln elected 16 th President 7 southern states secede4 more to follow After South Carolina secedes, it demands Union forces give up Ft. Sumter. The Union refuses so the South fires upon the fort on April 12 th -13 th, 1861 The Civil War Begins! Click here for more info: Compare Two Worlds: North vs SouthCompare Two Worlds: North vs South North and South Compared 1860.doc North and South Compared 1860.doc Union: The Anaconda Plan (3 Part Plan): 1. The eastern campaign to capture Richmond. 2. Naval blockade of the CSA 3. Control of the Mississippi River to cut the CSA in half. Fight a War of Attrition The CSA did not have to win the Warjust not lose it. Goal: Drag out the War and make it too costly for the Union to continue (Similar to the American Rev.) Assumed England and/or France would come in as an allywhy? 1 st Battle of Bull Run (aka Manassas): July, 1861 McDowell (Union) vs. Jackson (Conf.) in VA. South stopped the Norths advance. It became clear to the North that the war would not be over quickly. Battle of Shiloh (April, 1862): SW Tennessee, Grant follows Anaconda Plan for the west. Union prevails on 2 nd day. 25,000 dead. North and South horrified at carnage. 2 nd Battle of Bull Run/2ndManassas (Aug. 1862) 14,000 Union/8,000 Confederate Casualties. Confederate Victory motivates the South. Battle of Antietam (Sept. 1862): RE Lee led troops into Maryland hoping to inspire a pro-Confederate uprising. At stake: Confederate victory on Union soil might lead to European recognition of the CSA. Result: Bloodiest single day of Civil War (23,000 dead). Lee retreats to VA, Union Victorious. Issued by Abraham Lincoln (Sept, 1862) Declared freedom of all slaves in states of the CSA that did not return to the Union by The EP did NOT free slaves in the border states (where slavery existed) that did not secede. 20,000 slaves freed on January 1, 1863. The Siege of Vicksburg (May-July 1863): The North (Grant) surrounds Confederate fort and blocks supplies from being delivered. After 40 days, the garrison surrenders. Victory gives Union forces command of the Mississippi River region. The Battle of Gettysburg (July, 1863): Significance: The Confederates hoped to sway Northern attitude toward the war with a victory on Northern soil and draw Grant from Vicksburg. The Turning Point of the war: The North defeats Lees Confederate Army in the wars bloodiest battle (46,000 dead). 90,000 Union troops met 75,000 Confederates at the village of Gettysburg Although R.E. Lee would continue to lead his troops (Army of Northern VA) for 2 more years, the CSA would never recover from the losses at Gettysburg. 2 weeks after Gettysburg, the 54 th volunteered to lead assault on Ft. Wagner (one of Charlestons defenses) Scene: the night before the attack From the film Glory! Matthew Broderick Morgan Freeman Denzel Washington In 1864, Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant Commander of all Union armies Gave William Tecumseh Sherman command of the Army of the West. Their strategy to end the war: Grant: fight his way through VA no matter what the cost in lives (b/c the North could afford the losses while the CSA could not.) Sherman: advance from the west, capture Atlanta, and continue his march to the sea, laying waste to everything in his path (a scorched earth policy) Shermans March to the Sea carried out Grants ordersdestroyed Atlantaon to Savannah, GAthen north Grant marched south from Wash., DC Now surrounded on 3 sidesLee said: "Then there is nothing left for me to do but to go and see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths." R.E. Lee recognized the War was lost surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse The War was over