11

Earth, Moon & SunEarth, Moon & Sun

AstronomyAstronomy

We are learning toWe are learning to: : describedescribe how objects in how objects in the solar system are in regular and the solar system are in regular and predictable motions that explain days, years, predictable motions that explain days, years, and seasons.and seasons.

  

We are looking forWe are looking for: description of: : description of: Days- Earth rotates on its axis every 24 Days- Earth rotates on its axis every 24

hourshours Years-Earth revolves around the sun 365.25 Years-Earth revolves around the sun 365.25

daysdays Seasons-Earth revolves around the sun as Seasons-Earth revolves around the sun as

the Earth is tilted on its axisthe Earth is tilted on its axis

33

Movement of the EarthMovement of the Earth Rotation is the earth Rotation is the earth

spinning on its axis.spinning on its axis.• Earth’s rotation causes Earth’s rotation causes

day and night (approx. day and night (approx. 24 hours).24 hours).

Revolution is the Revolution is the movement of one movement of one object around another object around another object.object.• This is the movement of This is the movement of

the earth around the the earth around the sun.sun.

• Earth’s revolution Earth’s revolution determines the length determines the length of a year(365.25 days).of a year(365.25 days).

44

Seasons on EarthSeasons on Earth Earth has seasons because Earth has seasons because

its axis is tilted as it moves its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun.around the sun.

Vernal equinox has equal Vernal equinox has equal day and night (March).day and night (March).

Summer solstice has the Summer solstice has the longest day and shortest longest day and shortest night (June).night (June).

Autumnal equinox has Autumnal equinox has equal day and night equal day and night (September).(September).

Winter Solstice has the Winter Solstice has the shortest day and longest shortest day and longest night (December).night (December).

55

Seasons continuedSeasons continued

During equinoxes, the During equinoxes, the sun is directly over the sun is directly over the equator.equator.

During the summer During the summer solstice, the sun is solstice, the sun is directly over the directly over the Tropic of Cancer.Tropic of Cancer.

During the winter During the winter solstice, the sun is solstice, the sun is directly over the directly over the Tropic of Capricorn.Tropic of Capricorn.

Why do we have night and day?Why do we have night and day?

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A.A. Earth’s rotationEarth’s rotation

B.B. Earth’s Earth’s revolutionrevolution

C.C. Tilt of the Earth Tilt of the Earth on its axison its axis

D.D. I need Help!I need Help!

10

What causes Earth to experience What causes Earth to experience different seasons?different seasons?

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A.A. It rotates on its axis It rotates on its axis while it revolves around while it revolves around the sunthe sun

B.B. It revolves on its axis It revolves on its axis while it rotates around while it rotates around the sunthe sun

C.C. It is tilted while it rotates It is tilted while it rotates around the sun.around the sun.

D.D. It is tilted while it It is tilted while it revolves around the sun.revolves around the sun.

E.E. I need help!I need help!

10

If the Earth’s Revolution was If the Earth’s Revolution was slower, we would experienceslower, we would experience

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A.A. Longer daysLonger days

B.B. Shorter daysShorter days

C.C. Longer yearsLonger years

D.D. Shorter yearsShorter years

E.E. I need help!I need help!

10

Of the following, which does not Of the following, which does not affect seasons?affect seasons?

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A.A. Earth is tilted Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees23.5 degrees

B.B. The Earth The Earth revolves around revolves around the sunthe sun

C.C. The Earth’s The Earth’s distance from distance from the sunthe sun

D.D. I need help!I need help!10

1010

During which season is the axis of During which season is the axis of the Earth pointed towards the sun?the Earth pointed towards the sun?

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1.1. AutumnAutumn

2.2. SpringSpring

3.3. SummerSummer

4.4. WinterWinter

10

1111

How does the length of day compare to the How does the length of day compare to the length of night during the Vernal Equinox?length of night during the Vernal Equinox?

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1.1. Day is longer than Day is longer than night.night.

2.2. Night is longer Night is longer than day.than day.

3.3. The day and night The day and night are equal in are equal in length.length.

4.4. The day and night The day and night are not equal in are not equal in length.length.

10

Make a drawing that illustrates Make a drawing that illustrates the difference between a year the difference between a year

and a day.and a day.

  We are looking for:We are looking for: a a description of description of -Phases-moon revolves around the Earth -Phases-moon revolves around the Earth approximately once a monthapproximately once a month

-Eclipse-are random predictable; one object -Eclipse-are random predictable; one object moves in front of another object in relation to moves in front of another object in relation to the position of the sun the position of the sun

-Tides-high tide occurs approximately twice a -Tides-high tide occurs approximately twice a dayday

1414

Phases of the MoonPhases of the Moon The phase of the moon The phase of the moon

occur because of the occur because of the movement of the moon movement of the moon around the earth and the around the earth and the earth around the sun.earth around the sun.

Cycle of phases is about a Cycle of phases is about a month in length.month in length.

Phases of the moon Phases of the moon include new moon, waxing include new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning quarter, and waning crescent.crescent.

1515

Earth’s MoonEarth’s Moon Temperature range is Temperature range is

-176 -176 ooC to 100 C to 100 ooC.C. 3,476 km in diameter.3,476 km in diameter. 1609, Galileo Galilei 1609, Galileo Galilei

first used a telescope first used a telescope to view the moon.to view the moon.

Features on the moon Features on the moon include craters, include craters, highlands & maria.highlands & maria.• Craters round pits on Craters round pits on

the moon’s surface.the moon’s surface.• Maria are dark, flat Maria are dark, flat

areas on the moon.areas on the moon.

1616

Other Facts About Our MoonOther Facts About Our Moon The period of rotation is The period of rotation is

27.3 Earth days.27.3 Earth days. The period of revolution is The period of revolution is

27.3 Earth days.27.3 Earth days. Because the length of Because the length of

rotation and revolution are rotation and revolution are the same, we only ever the same, we only ever see one side of the moon.see one side of the moon.

The moon only has 1/6 the The moon only has 1/6 the gravity of Earth.gravity of Earth.

The moon has no The moon has no atmosphere.atmosphere.

1717

Exploration of the MoonExploration of the Moon Use Newton’s 3Use Newton’s 3rdrd Law of Law of

Motion for space travel: Motion for space travel: for every action force, for every action force, there is an equal and there is an equal and opposite reaction force.opposite reaction force.

Chinese invented rockets Chinese invented rockets in 1000 AD.in 1000 AD.

1957 the Soviet Union put 1957 the Soviet Union put Sputnik in to space.Sputnik in to space.

Yuri Gagarin was the first Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space.man in space.

Alan Sheppard was the Alan Sheppard was the first American in Space.first American in Space.

John Glen was the first John Glen was the first American to orbit Earth.American to orbit Earth.

1818

Man on the MoonMan on the Moon Mercury mission was Mercury mission was

designed to get man in designed to get man in space(1 person spaceship).space(1 person spaceship).

Gemini mission was Gemini mission was designed to send 2 men at designed to send 2 men at a time to the moon and a time to the moon and back.back.

Apollo mission was Apollo mission was designed to land man on designed to land man on the moon. Two men went the moon. Two men went to the surface, one man to the surface, one man orbited the moon.orbited the moon.• Six missions were Six missions were

successful landing on successful landing on the moon from 1969-the moon from 1969-72.72.

1919

Which phase occurs when the Which phase occurs when the moon is in between the Earth and moon is in between the Earth and

the sun?the sun?

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A.A. Full moonFull moon

B.B. New moon New moon

C.C. 11stst Quarter moon Quarter moon

D.D. 33rdrd quarter moon quarter moon

2020

Solar EclipsesSolar Eclipses Occurs during a new moon Occurs during a new moon

when the moon is between when the moon is between the sun and earth.the sun and earth.

The shadow is the umbra, The shadow is the umbra, the partial shadow is the the partial shadow is the penumbra.penumbra.

Doesn’t happen every Doesn’t happen every month because the moon’s month because the moon’s orbit around the earth is orbit around the earth is tilted and this prevents the tilted and this prevents the sun, earth and moon from sun, earth and moon from being in a straight line.being in a straight line.

Do not look at a solar Do not look at a solar eclipse without protective eclipse without protective eye gear.eye gear.

2121

Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse Occurs during a full moon Occurs during a full moon

phase when the earth is phase when the earth is between the sun and the between the sun and the moon.moon.

More common than the More common than the solar eclipse.solar eclipse.

Can be view without Can be view without protective eye gear.protective eye gear.

2222

When studying a solar eclipse, which is When studying a solar eclipse, which is the proper method for viewing the sun?the proper method for viewing the sun?

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A.A. Wear sunglassesWear sunglasses

B.B. Use a refracting Use a refracting telescopetelescope

C.C. Use a pinhole Use a pinhole cameracamera

D.D. Use a magnifying Use a magnifying glassglass

2323

TidesTides Tides are caused by the Tides are caused by the

gravitational attraction gravitational attraction between the moon and between the moon and earth.earth.

High tides are 12.5 hours High tides are 12.5 hours apart.apart.

Spring tide is the highest Spring tide is the highest high tide and occur at full high tide and occur at full and new moon phases.and new moon phases.

Neap tide is the lowest Neap tide is the lowest high tide and occur at first high tide and occur at first and last quarter moon and last quarter moon phases.phases.

Which phase occurs when the Which phase occurs when the moon is in between the Earth and moon is in between the Earth and

the sun?the sun?

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22A.A. Full moonFull moon

B.B. New moon New moon

C.C. 11stst Quarter moon Quarter moon

D.D. 33rdrd quarter moon quarter moon

What causes us to see different What causes us to see different phases of the moon?phases of the moon?

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A.A. Light reflects off of the Light reflects off of the surface of the moon.surface of the moon.

B.B. The moon revolves The moon revolves around the Earth.around the Earth.

C.C. We see different We see different perspectives of the perspectives of the moonmoon

D.D. All of the above.All of the above.

Why do we only ever see one side Why do we only ever see one side of the moon?of the moon?

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A.A. The moon only has one The moon only has one side.side.

B.B. The moon revolves, but The moon revolves, but does not rotate.does not rotate.

C.C. The moon rotates at The moon rotates at the same rate at which the same rate at which it revolves.it revolves.

D.D. The moon rotates, but The moon rotates, but does not revolve.does not revolve.

If the sun, moon, and Earth are perfectly aligned (as If the sun, moon, and Earth are perfectly aligned (as pictured), what event will occur on Earth?pictured), what event will occur on Earth?

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A.A. Neap TideNeap Tide

B.B. Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

C.C. Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse

D.D. Seasonal ChangeSeasonal Change

When studying a solar eclipse, which would be a When studying a solar eclipse, which would be a proper method of viewing the sun?proper method of viewing the sun?

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A.A. Wear sunglassesWear sunglasses

B.B. Use a refracting Use a refracting telescopetelescope

C.C. Use a magnifying Use a magnifying glassglass

D.D. Don’t look directly Don’t look directly at the sunat the sun

FOUR BLOCK INTERVENTION FOUR BLOCK INTERVENTION INSTRUCTIONSINSTRUCTIONS

1.1. If you have not missed any If you have not missed any questions, start with block #2 and questions, start with block #2 and then complete blocks #3 and #4.then complete blocks #3 and #4.

2.2. If you have missed 2 or more, meet If you have missed 2 or more, meet with the teacher.with the teacher.

3.3. Everyone else starts in block #1 and Everyone else starts in block #1 and then complete blocks #2, #3, and then complete blocks #2, #3, and #4.#4.

3. REVIEW

1. PRACTICE

4. FRONTLOAD

2.EXTENSION

What would happen to the earth’s tides if the moon was not present?

Using your knowledge of moon, write a paragraph (6-10 sentences)explaining why or why not?

Draw a diagram illustrating all of the phases of the moon.Label all of the phases.

What do you know about gravity & inertia?

Explain how the moon affects the earth.

3131

Space StationsSpace Stations

1971-Salyut1971-Salyut 1973-Skylab1973-Skylab 1986-Mir1986-Mir 1998-International 1998-International

Space StationSpace Station

3232

Space ShuttleSpace Shuttle First space shuttle First space shuttle

launched in 1980.launched in 1980. Space shuttle design to Space shuttle design to

take astronauts in to the take astronauts in to the upper Earth’s atmosphere upper Earth’s atmosphere to orbit.to orbit.

Challenger disaster killed Challenger disaster killed seven astronauts in 1986.seven astronauts in 1986.

Columbia disaster killed Columbia disaster killed seven astronauts in 2003.seven astronauts in 2003.

Current Fleet includes Current Fleet includes Discover, Atlantis and Discover, Atlantis and

Endeavour.Endeavour.

3333

Refracting TelescopeRefracting Telescope

Telescope is made Telescope is made from two convex from two convex lenses.lenses.

First used by First used by Galileo.Galileo.

Limited in size.Limited in size.

3434

Reflecting TelescopeReflecting Telescope

Telescope made Telescope made from a concave from a concave mirror and a mirror and a convex lens.convex lens.

First used by Isaac First used by Isaac Newton.Newton.

Can make a larger Can make a larger telescope than a telescope than a refracting refracting telescope.telescope.

3535

Radio TelescopeRadio Telescope

Has a large dish Has a large dish that collect radio that collect radio waves. waves.

Computers Computers interprets the radio interprets the radio waves.waves.

Has detected Has detected pulsars, quasars & pulsars, quasars & black holes.black holes.

3636

What keeps planets revolving What keeps planets revolving around the sun?around the sun?

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A.A. The sun’s The sun’s gravitational pull.gravitational pull.

B.B. The Planet’s The Planet’s mass.mass.

C.C. The planet’s The planet’s magnetic field.magnetic field.

D.D. The Sun’s inertia.The Sun’s inertia.

3737

One of the greatest advancements in astronomy One of the greatest advancements in astronomy was the telescope. Which is the correct order was the telescope. Which is the correct order ofadvancements?ofadvancements?

0 0

24

0

A.A. Radio- refracting-Radio- refracting-reflectingreflecting

B.B. Reflecting – Reflecting – refracting –radiorefracting –radio

C.C. Refracting-Refracting-reflecting-radioreflecting-radio

D.D. Radio- reflecting-Radio- reflecting-refractingrefracting

3838

An icy object that has an elongated An icy object that has an elongated orbit around the sun is referred to orbit around the sun is referred to

as a(n)….as a(n)….

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A.A. AsteroidAsteroid

B.B. CometComet

C.C. MeteorMeteor

D.D. MeteoriteMeteorite

3939

Why does a meteoroid or asteroid create a streak Why does a meteoroid or asteroid create a streak of light when entering the Earth’s atmosphere?of light when entering the Earth’s atmosphere?

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A.A. Light from the sun is Light from the sun is reflected of the surface reflected of the surface of eachof each

B.B. Energy is released from Energy is released from the objectsthe objects

C.C. Lightning is produced Lightning is produced from these objectsfrom these objects

D.D. Light is a result of friction Light is a result of friction from the gasses in the from the gasses in the atmosphereatmosphere

4040

Review QuestionsReview Questions What is the spinning on an axis called?What is the spinning on an axis called? (rotation)(rotation) What do we call a planet’s travel around the sun? What do we call a planet’s travel around the sun? (revolution)(revolution) What is the Egyptian’s calendar based on? What is the Egyptian’s calendar based on? (revolution)(revolution) What is the Roman’s calendar based on? What is the Roman’s calendar based on? (cycle of moon phases)(cycle of moon phases) What causes the seasons? What causes the seasons? (tilt of the earth’s axis)(tilt of the earth’s axis)

4141

Review QuestionsReview Questions What is the first day of spring called? What is the first day of spring called? (Vernal Equinox)(Vernal Equinox) What is the first day of summer called? What is the first day of summer called? (Summer Solstice)(Summer Solstice) What is the first day of autumn called? What is the first day of autumn called? (Autumnal Equinox)(Autumnal Equinox) What is the first day of winter called? What is the first day of winter called? (Winter Solstice)(Winter Solstice) During the equinox, where is the sun over? During the equinox, where is the sun over? (the equator) (the equator)

4242

Review QuestionsReview Questions During the solstice, where is the sun over? During the solstice, where is the sun over? (23.5(23.5oo N or S latitude) N or S latitude) How long does it take for the moon to rotate? How long does it take for the moon to rotate? (27.3 days)(27.3 days) How long does it take for the moon to orbit the How long does it take for the moon to orbit the

earth? earth? (27.3 days)(27.3 days) Why do we only ever see one side of the moon? Why do we only ever see one side of the moon? (length of rotation and revolution are the same)(length of rotation and revolution are the same) What causes the change in moon phases? What causes the change in moon phases? (changes in relative positions of the moon, Earth (changes in relative positions of the moon, Earth

and sun)and sun)

4343

Review QuestionsReview Questions How long does it take for a full cycle of moon phases? How long does it take for a full cycle of moon phases? (29.5 days)(29.5 days) Name the phases of the moon in order from the least Name the phases of the moon in order from the least

amount of light to the greatest amount of light. amount of light to the greatest amount of light. (New, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full, (New, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full,

Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, Waning Crescent, New)Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, Waning Crescent, New) What happens when the moon passes between the sun and What happens when the moon passes between the sun and

the Earth, casting a shadow on the Earth? the Earth, casting a shadow on the Earth? (solar eclipse)(solar eclipse) What happens when the Earth passes between the sun and What happens when the Earth passes between the sun and

the moon casting a shadow on the moon? the moon casting a shadow on the moon? (lunar eclipse)(lunar eclipse)

4444

Review QuestionsReview Questions What is the darkest part of an eclipse called? What is the darkest part of an eclipse called? (umbra)(umbra) What is the largest part of the shadow of an eclipse called? What is the largest part of the shadow of an eclipse called? (penumbra)(penumbra) How long does it take for a another high tide to occur after How long does it take for a another high tide to occur after

a high tide? a high tide? (12.5 hours)(12.5 hours) What type of tide is caused when the sun, Earth and moon What type of tide is caused when the sun, Earth and moon

are in a straight line? are in a straight line? (Spring Tide)(Spring Tide) What type of tide is caused when the sun, Earth and moon What type of tide is caused when the sun, Earth and moon

are at a right angle to each other? are at a right angle to each other? (Neap Tide)(Neap Tide)

4545

Review QuestionsReview Questions Which law of physics allows rockets to be launched into Which law of physics allows rockets to be launched into

space? space? (Newton’s Third Law of Motion)(Newton’s Third Law of Motion) What type of satellite orbits around Earth at the same rate What type of satellite orbits around Earth at the same rate

that the earth rotates? that the earth rotates? (geosynchronous)(geosynchronous) Who invented the first rocket? Who invented the first rocket? (Chinese)(Chinese) What is used today to transports astronauts and supplies to What is used today to transports astronauts and supplies to

the Space Station? the Space Station? (space shuttle)(space shuttle) How does the gravity on the moon compare to the gravity How does the gravity on the moon compare to the gravity

on earth? on earth? (1/6 gravity on moon)(1/6 gravity on moon)

4646

Review QuestionsReview Questions How does the diameter of the moon compare to How does the diameter of the moon compare to

the diameter of the earth? the diameter of the earth? (moon’s diameter is ¼ the diameter of Earth)(moon’s diameter is ¼ the diameter of Earth) How does the density of the moon compare to the How does the density of the moon compare to the

density of Earth? density of Earth? (the same)(the same) Who invented the first telescope? Who invented the first telescope? (Galileo)(Galileo) What are the dark flat areas of the moon? What are the dark flat areas of the moon? (maria)(maria) What did Galileo think the maria was? What did Galileo think the maria was? (oceans)(oceans)

4747

Review QuestionsReview Questions In what year did Apollo 11 land on the moon? In what year did Apollo 11 land on the moon? (1969)(1969) What are the lighter mountainous areas on the What are the lighter mountainous areas on the

moon called? moon called? (highlands)(highlands) What are the circular impressions on the moon What are the circular impressions on the moon

called? called? (craters)(craters) What causes the formation of the craters? What causes the formation of the craters? (meteor impacts)(meteor impacts) How long does it take the Earth to rotate? How long does it take the Earth to rotate? (24 hours)(24 hours)

4848

Review QuestionsReview Questions How long does it take the Earth to revolve around the sun? How long does it take the Earth to revolve around the sun? (365.25 days)(365.25 days) What is the path of the earth around the sun called? What is the path of the earth around the sun called? (orbit)(orbit) Why is there not a lunar eclipse during every full moon and Why is there not a lunar eclipse during every full moon and

a solar eclipse during every new moon? a solar eclipse during every new moon? (Earth, moon and sun must be in a straight line)(Earth, moon and sun must be in a straight line) How was the moon formed? How was the moon formed? (A large object struck the earth and torn a portion of the (A large object struck the earth and torn a portion of the

earth away to form the moon.)earth away to form the moon.) What causes the tides? What causes the tides? (moon’s gravity) (moon’s gravity)