1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

23
1 Doors, Windows, and Glass

Transcript of 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Page 1: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

1

Doors, Windows, and Glass

Page 2: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Major Topics

Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall

Page 3: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Doors

Broad classification as exterior or interior Wood, metal, plastic, glass, or a combination of

these materials are used to manufacture doors Considerations for selection of door include:

Fire resistance Cost Protection/Privacy Esthetics/Architectural Style

Page 4: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Terms Associated with Doors

Door Frames: Jamb –sides pieces Head – overhead piece Sill – on exterior doors (covered by threshold) Door Stop- strip against which door closes

Panel Doors: Stiles – vertical members Rails – horizontal members Muntins – may be vertical or horizontal; divide door

into panels Right-Hand or Left-Hand – used to describe swinging

doors- depends on which side is hinged

Page 5: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Types of Fire Doors

Composite – wood, steel, or plastic sheets bonded to and supported by a solid core material

Hollow Metal – flush or panel design consisting with no less than 20 gauge steel face

Metal Clad – flush or panel design consisting of metal-covered wood cores and insulated panels covered with steel of 24 gauge or lighter

Sheet Metal – 22 gauge or lighter steel of corrugated, flush sheet, or panel design

Tin-Clad – wood core with a terne plate or galvanized steel facing ( 30 or 24 gauge)

Wood – wood, hardboard, or plastic face sheets bonded to a wood block core material with untreated wood edges

Page 6: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Metal Doors

Most hollow core metal doors are made of carbon steel

Most are filled with standard fireproof, rot proof, and sound-deadening material

Insulated doors are filled with glass fiber or plastic foam insulation [R-values range from 8-15]

Grades range from 1: standard; 2: heavy duty; 3: extra heavy duty [grades used depends on type of building and locations in building]

Page 7: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Wood Doors

Kiln-dried wood, moisture content 6-12 % Type 1 ---fully waterproof bond (ext. or int.) Type 2 --- water resistant bond, interior only May be solid or hollow core (S.C. or H.C.)

Fire ratings range from 20 minutes to 1-1/2 hour for S.C. wood doors

Typical thickness: 1-3/8” (int.) 1-3/8” or 1-3/4” (ext.) Standard single unit sizes range from 1’ to 3’ width;

6’-8” to 8’ height [doesn’t include sliding or patio door styles which are much wider]

Page 8: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Types of Wood Doors

Flush – hollow or solid core with wood veneers, hardboard or plastic laminates

Panel – assembled from stiles and rails Sash – similar to panel door except that one or

more panel is replaced with glass Louver – composed of stile and rail frame with

integral louvers Accordion folding – narrow wood strips 31/2”

to 5” wide with fabric, plastic or metal hinges

Page 9: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Door Operation

Swinging – hinged on one side or may have pivot hardware to allow for swinging in both directions

Sliding – overhead tracks with rollers (Pocket doors - slide into wall cavity)

Folding – hung on overhead tracks with rollers; may be bi- or multi- fold in nature

Page 10: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Weather Stripping

Applied to door frames to prevent air leakage

Common types include: Foam rubber Felt Rolled vinyl Spring metal (V-strip) Interlocking metal

Page 11: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Door Hardware -- Locks

May be either standard, handicapped access, automatic, or security type.

Lock types: Key-in-knob Key-in-lever Mortise Interconnected Auxiliary (dead bolts) Security (electromagnetic) Padlock

Page 12: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Door Hardware --Hinges

There are many types of hinges available but common ones include: butt, piano (invisible), offset, spring, pivot, and decorative.

Materials from which hinges are made include: coated steel, polished plated steel, chromium-plated metals, brass, bronze, and aluminum.

Placement and number required varies according to door material and size: All exterior or S.C. interior door >7’ in height should be

hung with at least 3 hinges. Interior H.C. doors < 7’ in height need only 2 hinges

Page 13: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Special Doors

Revolving – prevent passage of cold and warm air and noise while always being open/closed

Typical materials include stainless steel, aluminum, and copper alloys.

Most doors are 6 - 8 feet in diameter, but may be larger for special applications (Nursing homes)

Page 14: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Windows

Related terms include: rail, stile, sill, sash, panes or lights (glass), muntin (divides the lights), mullion

Common materials include: aluminum, steel (including stainless), wood, or clad materials [Styrofoam core with wood cladding]

Wide range of sizes from 2’ to 10’ – not including custom orders

Page 15: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Window Types[page 248; figure 8-16]

Fixed Single or Double Hung Awning Sliding Casement Pivoted Jalousie

Page 16: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.
Page 17: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Window Hardware - Locks

Some basic types of locking devices for windows include: Friction type – includes a pin which screws into a

receptacle Pin type – a keyed device; bolt slips into a hole

drilled into the upper frame Wedge type – spreads upper and lower sash apart Stop type – uses a knob or other protrusion to

prevent window from opening very far Key operated cam latch – may be a fire hazard;

works similar to a pin type

Page 18: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Glass

The term glazing refers to the installation of vision panels or glass or plastic in a door, formed frame, window, packaged entrance, storefront, or glazed curtain wall.

Glass has been made artificially for more than 4500 years Romans – 1st known window glass Germany – 11th century glass hand-blown in

spheres France – 14th century “Crown glass”

produced by blowing and twirling

Page 19: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Glass

Glass is produced from 3 major ingredients: Sand (silica) ~70% Soda (sodium oxide) ~12% Lime (calcium oxide) ~13%

About 50 other chemicals may be added to change the following properties: Color Viscosity Durability Desired physical property

Page 20: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Basic Types of Clear Glass

Window or Sheet: Manufactured by a horizontal flat or vertical draw

process Float:

Manufactured by floating molten glass on a surface of molten tin, then annealing slowly to produce a transparent flat glass. This eliminates grinding and polishing (most glass in US produced using this method ~ 90%)

Plate: Transparent flat glass is ground and polished after

rolling.

Page 21: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Variations of Basic Glass Types

Patterned – rolled or figured glass –run through rollers which are etched to produce a design on one side

Wire – embedded welded square or diamond wire Cathedral – art glass, stained glass; usually 1/8” thick, in

many colors, textures, and patterns Obscure – one or both surfaces of glass are sandblasted

or acid etched (weakens glass) Heat-absorbing or Tinted Insulating – high thermal resistance; fuse 2 pieces of

glass together with ¾” space filled with a dry gas (often Argon)

Page 22: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Variations con’t

Reflective – care must be taken to avoid scratching Heat-Strengthened– greatly increased mechanical

strength and resistance to thermal stresses; 2 times as strong as annealed glass

Tempered – 4-5 times as strong as annealed; when broken…forms small cubed fragments which are much safer than annealed glass

Laminated (Safety) – tough, clear plastic polyvinyl butyral sheet (interlayer) is sandwiched between plies of other glass. When it breaks the particles adhere to the plastic film

Security – a plastic film of a min. of 0.06 in. thick in 3 to 5 plies of glass (overall thickness ¾” to 3”)

Page 23: 1 Doors, Windows, and Glass. Major Topics Doors Windows Hardware Glass Curtain Wall.

Curtain Wall

A building wall that does not carry any roof or floor load

Typically located above the first level of a structure (unlike storefront)

Consists mainly of metal, glass, and other surfacing material supported in a metal framework