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DO NOT TURN ON THE

COMPUTERS TODAY!!

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Introduction to Electronic Spreadsheets

Using Microsoft Excel

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What is a Spreadsheet? A software/program used to assist people in

performing tasks that require the use of mathematical calculations and operations.

A spreadsheet is designed around a table system of rows and columns.

Major part of any spreadsheet is numbers or values.

Different from a word processing program where the major part is text.

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Who Uses a Spreadsheet?

Anyone responsible for providing numerical data in any form.

Accountants—preparing financial documents Teachers—reporting grades and averages Managers—reporting sales, profits, & losses Tax Preparers—reports for tax purposes Payroll—employee reports Anyone needing mathematical answers

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Parts of a Spreadsheet

Rows

Columns

Cells

Ranges

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1. Rows A row is a horizontal section of a

spreadsheet. Rows run from left to right. Rows are labeled with numbers. (1 2 3 4 5) There are 65,536 rows in an Excel

Spreadsheet. Row Labels

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2. Columns A column is a vertical section of a

spreadsheet. Columns run from top to bottom Columns are labeled with letters. (A B C D) There are 256 columns in an Excel

spreadsheet.

Column Labels

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Rows & Columns (cont’d) On your screen you only see columns A – K Columns go from A to IV, once at column Z,

labeling begins again with AA, AB, AC, and goes through the alphabet 9 more times ending with the I’s and cell IV. Thus we have 256 columns in all.

On your screen you only see rows 1 – 25. Rows go up through 65,536.

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3. Cells A cell in where a row and a column meet or

intersect. (the intersection of a row and a column.

The smallest unit of the spreadsheet. The actual area where data is entered into

the spreadsheet. Labeled with a letter and a number. (A1 B7

D12 AB978 IV892)

A1 C2 E3 G4I2

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EXCEL Spreadsheet---HUGE

A1 IV1

A65536 IV65536

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How Many Cells In a Spreadsheet?????

ROWS X COLUMNS

65536 X 256

16,777,216

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4. Ranges A range is any ADJACENT set of cells in a

spreadsheet. Adjacent means all of the cells are either side by side or up and down from one another.

Ranges are labeled as follows:

First Cell in Range : Last Cell in Range

Example: A1:A8 D1:D12

A1:F1 G12:Z12

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Examples of Ranges

Range of Cells A1 through A9

A1:A9Range of Cells C2 through G2

C2:G2

Range of Cells G5 through J9 G5:J9

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More Ranges All Cells in Row 1A1:IV1 All Cells in Row 8A8:IV8 All Cells in Column CC1:C65536 All Cells in Column IVIV1:IV65536

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Types of Data in a Spreadsheet

1. Labels

2. Values orNumbers

3. Formulas

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1. LABELS A label is any cell that has something other

than numbers in it. Labels include cells that have letters and/or

special symbols. Labels cannot have mathematical operations

performed on them. Usually labels are used to identify the

numbers in the spreadsheet. Many times labels are column headings. Example: Student Names in a Teacher

Grade book Spreadsheet would be labels.

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Examples of Labels

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2. VALUES A value is any cell that contains only numbers Numbers can include the digits 0-9, a period

for a decimal point, and a dash for a negative sign.

Values can have mathematical operations performed on them.

By far the most important part of the spreadsheet

Values are your “givens”—the numbers you already know.

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Examples of Values

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3. FORMULAS The reason you are doing the spreadsheet in

the first place. The “Unknowns”. The values you are trying

to find or answer. Example: In a teacher’s grade book, the

average is the unknown. This is why the teacher does the grade book in the first place.

The formulas give us our answers within the spreadsheet.

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Examples of Formulas

The User Did NOT Type These Numbers, The Spreadsheet Calculated them from Formulas Entered by the User.

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Text, Values, and Formulas

FormulasValuesLabels

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FORMULAS (cont’d)

RULE: You must begin EVERY formula with an equals sign

=Examples: =A1+B2 =C5-D11

=B27/3 =B54+B55+B56

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Mathematical Formulas When programming formulas in a

spreadsheet, you must follow your typical arithmetic rules learned since elementary school.

Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally

(order of operations when solving a

mathematical expression)

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Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally

• P Items in Parenthesis

• E Exponents

• M Multiplication

• D Division

• A Addition

• S Subtraction

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= 10 + 5 + 15 / 5

Answer 18= (10 + 5 + 15) / 5

Answer 6= 10 + (5 + 15) / 5

Answer 14

Order of Operations (cont’d)

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Arithmetic Operators

+ Addition =A1+B2

- Subtraction =A1-B2

* Multiplication =A1*B2

/ Division =A1/B2

^ Exponentiation =A1^B2

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Exponentiation (power)

23 Means 2 times 2 times 2in a spreadsheet it would be typed as 2^3

45 4^5 and 210 2^10

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