1. Diagnostic Questions Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper.
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Transcript of 1. Diagnostic Questions Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper.
Diagnostic Question - Answers
9. D
* Density = mass / volume
* 1000 milliliters = 1 liter
13. D
* Rotting apples is a chemical change
17. C
* Gasses are less soluble at higher temperatures. This is why soda gets “flat” when it warms up. Therefore, increasing the temperature would remove the carbon dioxide.
Today’s Agenda
Diagnostic Questions Review of Topics
SI & Metric SystemMixturesProperties of Matter (Density)States of Matter (Temperature)Atomic Structure
Moving Questions Practice Test Questions
GEE Test Format
Session 1: 40 multiple-choice items Session 2: 4 short-answer items Session 3: 1 comprehensive science task
• Includes:
• 3 short-answer items
• 1 extended constructed-response item
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14
14
14
8
Physical Science
Science & theEnvironment
Earth & SpaceScience
Life Science (Biology)
Science as Inquiry
GEE Science Test Strands
SI (Systeme International) – Metric Sys.
Known and used by scientists all over the world
Uses base-10 (makes conversions and calculations easier)
BASE SI UNITS• Length: meters (m)
• Time: seconds (s)
• Mass: grams (g)
• Volume: liters (l)
• Temperature: Kelvin (K)
SI UNIT PREFIXES
Base milli micro nanogiga kilomega
M kG m μ n
hecto (h)
deka (da)
deci (d)
centi (c)
SI UNIT PREFIXES
Base milli micro nanogiga kilomega
M kG m μ n
hecto (h)
deka (da)
deci (d)
centi (c)
If you have 1.50 meters, how many cm do you have?
If you have 4.2 grams, how many kilograms do you have?
150cm
0.0042g
Weight vs. Mass•Weight
• Mass
Depends on gravity (changes depending on where you are)
Stays the same EVERYWHERE!!!
DENSITY• Mass
• Volume
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
The amount of space an object occupies
mD
Vmass
densityvolume
??????• Which is more dense:
–A brick or styrofoam?
–A feather or air?
–A 2x4 or water?
–Ice or water?
–Steel or water?
Density.Floating.On.Sulfur.Hexafluoride.flv
Floating.Cannonball.in.Mercury.flv
Jay.Leno.Sulfur.Hexafluoride.flv
SOLIDS• Atoms and/or molecules are tightly
packed and strongly bonded• Have definite shape• Have high density• Expand slightly when heated• Almost incompressible
LIQUIDS• Atoms and/or molecules are tightly packed BUT bonds are stretched or broken• Have definite volume, but take
the shape of their container• Has ability to flow• Expand slightly when heated• Almost incompressible
GASES• Atoms and/or molecules are
NOT bonded• Has NO definite shape• Expand without limit to fill any space• Low density• Very compressible
Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
Element – one of the over 100 elements on the Periodic Table, exist as individual atoms
Compound – a chemical combination of two or more elements• Compounds have new and different properties
from elements that make them up.
Mixture – two or more substances mixed but not chemically combined
Separating Mixtures
Filtration• E.g. how you separate coffee grounds from
coffee (a filter)
Distillation• Boiling one substance (and capturing the gas)
while leaving another behind
Chromatography• Phase transfer from a mobile mixture to a
stationary phase
Moving Question
• An astronaut’s mass is 60 kg on earth. If the astronaut traveled to the moon and stood on the moon, his mass would be…
A. 600 kg
B. 60 kg
C. 10 kg
D. 0 kg
Moving Question
• The kinetic energy is greatest in which of the states of matter?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
Moving Question
• Gertrude cut two bars of different types of soap into four pieces each. She put one piece from each bar into each of four beakers. Which beaker contains the most dense liquid?
A B C D
Moving Question
• An astronaut’s weight is 600 Newtons on earth. If the astronaut traveled to the moon and stood on the moon, his weight would be…
A. 6000 N
B. 600 N
C. 100 N
D. 0 N
Moving Question
• Which state of matter expands and contracts depending on the size of its container?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
2. Diagnostic QuestionsAnswer the following questions on a
sheet of paper.
Don’t write in the books
pages 7-13# 1, 11, 15, 19,
21, 25, 29
Practice & AssessWorkbook
Diagnostic Answers
1. B - Electrons
11. D – liquids are free to move…
15. B – aerobic respiration
19. B – increase rate of chem rxn
21. D – valence electrons
25. D – 5 (the nucleus)
29. C – ionic compound
Today’s Agenda
Diagnostic Questions Topic Review
Atomic Structure Periodic Table Types of Matter Chemical Reactions
Moving Questions
Ex: How many neutrons does Sodium have?
Mass # - Atomic # = #N°(You may need to round the atomic #)
23 - 11 = 12 N°Na11
22.99
If an atom GAINS electrons, its overall charge
becomes more negative.If it LOSES electrons, its
charge becomes more positive
Positive Ions(cations)
Negative Ions(anions)
• Na+ (lost 1 e-)
• Ca2+ (lost 2 e-)
• Al3+ (lost 3 e-)
• Pb4+ (lost 4 e-)
• H+ (lost 1 e-)
• Cl- (gain 1 e-)
• O2- (gain 2 e-)
• P3- (gain 3 e-)
• S2- (gain 2 e-)
• OH- (gain 1 e-)
Elements are the simplest form of
matter. They can’t be broken down
anymore. They are the building blocks
of all matter!
If its on the PT, its an Element!
MIXTUREcontains 2 or more
materials (not chemically bonded
together) that can be physically separated
mixture made up of TWO OR MORE distinct phases with different properties (not uniform throughout)
Heterogeneous Mixture
got an example?milk is a heterogeneous mixture
because you can see the
liquid and fat parts of milk
(2 phases)
Evidence of Chemical RXNs
• Δ in temperature• Δ in color• Δ in odor• Production of gas• Production of solid
Moving Question• Which of the following could NOT be the
element sodium (Na)?A. an ion with 10 electrons, 11 protons,
and 11 neutronsB. an atom with 11 electrons, 11 protons,
and 11 neutronsC. an atom with 11 electrons, 11 protons,
and 12 neutronsD. an ion with 11 electons, 12 protons,
and 11 neutrons.
Moving Question• Which quality of carbon makes it
important within organic molecules?A. Carbon bonds with other carbon atoms
to form long, durable chains.B. Carbon is found only in nonpolar
molecules.C. Carbon does not react easily with other
elements.D. Carbon acts as a pH buffer in solutions.
Moving Question
• Which type of bond is illustrated in the diagram above?
A. Ionic
B. Covalent
C. Metallic
Moving Question
• Which of thefollowingstatementsis correct?
A. Atoms W and X are isotopes.B. Atoms X and Y are the same element.C. Atom Z is an ion.D. Atoms X and Z have identical mass
Atom Protons Electrons Neutrons
W 15 16 18
X 14 16 18
Y 14 15 15
Z 15 15 16
Moving Question
• Compounds are formed when atoms transfer or share outer electrons. Which of these pairs of atoms would probably NOT transfer or share electrons?
A. Helium (He) and Krypton (Kr)B. Magnesium (Mg) and Chlorine (Cl)C. Copper (Cu) and Oxygen (O)D. Sodium (Na) and Fluorine (F)
Moving Question
• Which of the following would NOT speed up a chemical reaction?
A. Adding more of a reactant
B. Adding a catalyst
C. Raising the temperature
D. Removing a reactant
Moving Question• When water falls onto
a smooth surface, the water forms drops rather than spreading evenly over the surface. This occurs because of strong forces of
A. electrical attraction between the water molecules.
B. gravitational attraction between the water molecules.
C. nuclear repulsion between the water molecules and the surface molecules.
D. magnetic repulsion between the water molecules and the surface molecules.
Moving Question
• An astronaut’s mass is 60 kg on earth. If the astronaut traveled to the moon and stood on the moon, his mass would be…
A. 600 kg
B. 60 kg
C. 10 kg
D. 0 kg
Moving Question
• An astronaut’s weight is 600 Newtons on earth. If the astronaut traveled to the moon and stood on the moon, his weight would be…
A. 6000 N
B. 600 N
C. 100 N
D. 0 N
3. Diagnostic QuestionsSilently answer the following
questions on a sheet of paper.
Pages 2-14
# 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 14, 33
Today’s Agenda
Diagnostic Questions Review of Topics
Motion: Speed, Velocity, AccelerationGraphing motionForces & Newton’s LawsEnergy & MomentumWork & Power
Moving Questions Practice Test Questions
GEE Test Format
Session 1: 40 multiple-choice items Session 2: 4 short-answer items Session 3: 1 comprehensive science task
• Includes:
• 3 short-answer items
• 1 extended constructed-response item
Speed & Velocity
Speed is distance over time
Velocity is speed in a particular direction
distanceSpeed =
time
Speed ExampleSpeed ExampleIf a plane flies at 250 mph, how far could it fly in 4 hours?t = 4 hv = 250 mi/h t
dv
ExampleThe moon orbits the earth and travels a distance of 10,600 km every 650 hours. What is the moon’s speed?
Acceleration:Acceleration is the change in velocity over time.
+ (positive) speed is increasing
– (negative) speed is decreasing (deceleration)
Displacement of a Race Car Over Time
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Time (s)
Dis
pla
cem
ent (
m)
A
C
B
D E
F
G
Next…FORCE – push or pull
• Examples: gravity, friction, air resistance (drag), support forces, thrust, lift, applied forces, electromagnetic forces, spring forces
Force DiagramsA small airplane flies through the air. Its weight is 1,000 N, but its wings have a lift of 1,000 N. The engines provide a thrust of 200 N, and there is 200 N of drag.
Newton’s 1st LawThe Law of INERTIA• Objects in motion tend to stay in motion
• Objects at rest tend to stay at rest
Objects at rest tend to stay at rest, objects in motion tend to stay in motion, unless acted on by an unbalanced force
Newton’s 2nd LawAcceleration increases when force increases
Acceleration decreases when mass increases
net forceacceleration =
mass
Example:A car engine applies a net force of 4,000 N to the car. The mass of the car is 1,000 kg. What is the car’s acceleration?
7. Practice QuestionsAnswer the following questions on a
sheet of paper.
Do not write in the books
pages 24-27# 6, 7, 10-13,
17, 22
Practice & AssessWorkbook
Are these examples of Newton’s 3rd Law?
•A fish swimming through the water•A bird flying through the air•A car moving forward
8. Diagnostic QuestionsSilently answer the following
questions on a sheet of paper.
Pages 2-14
# 7-8, 10-11, 15-16, 18
Work = Force × distance
Jim lifts a box 2 m with a force of 20 N.
How much work?
Joy lifts a box 1 m with a force of 40 N.
How much work?
Jim moved a box a distance of 3 m with a
force of 2 N in 3 s. Jane moved the same box the same distance in 2 s. Find the power.
Types of EnergyTypes of Energy• Non-Renewable– once used,will requirethousandsof years toproduce more
Types of EnergyTypes of Energy• Mechanical
– Involves forces & motion of objects• Kinetic
• Potential
More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Solar/light energy
– involves electromagnetic rays from the sun (or another light source)
More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Chemical energy
– stored in the bonds of molecules
– Includes fossil fuels, food, explosives, baking soda, and a match.
More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Electrical energy
– the movement of electrons– includes lightning, static electricity
– Batteries, generators and turbines produce electrical energy
More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Nuclear energy
– energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. Can give off energy in the form of light or heat.
– Submarines, power plants, and smoke detectors all use nuclear energy.
More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Sound energy
• Electromagnetic energy
• Magnetic energy
• Others…
Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy• Energy can be neither created or destroyed–Total energy does not change
• Energy CAN change forms (e.g. from potential to kinetic)
Example: Example: Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy
KE = 0 JPE = 1000 J
Total E = 1000 J
KE = _______PE = 0 J
Total E = _____
Example: Example: Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy
KE = 0PE = 1000 J
Total E = 1000 J
KE = 1000 JPE = 0 J
Total E = 1000 J
KE = 600 JPE = _____
Total E = _____
Example: Example: Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy
KE = 0PE = 1000 J
Total E = 1000 J
KE = 1000 JPE = 0 J
Total E = 1000 J
KE = 600 JPE = 400 J
Total E = 1000 J
KE = ______PE = 800 J
Total E = _____
Example: Example: Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy
KE = 0PE = 1000 J
Total E = 1000 J
KE = 1000 JPE = 0 J
Total E = 1000 J
KE = 600 JPE = 400 J
Total E = 1000 J
KE = 200 JPE = 800 J
Total E = 1000 J
ExampleExample• A 250-kg roller coaster starts from rest at the top of a hill. When it reaches the bottom, it goes 50 m/s. How high is the hill?
Practice Science TaskAnswer the following questions in the
workbook
Pages 17-20
If you finish early, practice working on
some other questions
LEAP 21 Preparation
and Practice
Workbook