1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have...
-
Upload
cristopher-westrup -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
4
Transcript of 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have...
![Page 1: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Diagnosis & treatment of STIs
• Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs
• Many infections have similar symptoms & signs
• Accurate treatment requires accurate diagnosis
• For most STIs, accurate diagnosis requires laboratory tests
• In developing countries, laboratory tests are often not available
![Page 2: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Diagnosis & treatment of STIs
STI diagnosis where lab tests not available:
the syndromic approach
to STI case management
![Page 3: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
The syndromic approach
• Developed by WHO
• Does not require laboratory tests
• Tested in many countries since 1970’s
• Reviewed, adapted & improved many times
![Page 4: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
The syndromic approach
• STIs grouped into 7 main categories, according to symptoms and signs
• Each category is called a “syndrome”
• Each syndrome easily recognized on history & examination
• Treatment covers the most common organisms potentially responsible for the syndrome
![Page 5: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
© Teaching-aids at low cost
![Page 6: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
© Teaching-aids at low cost
![Page 7: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
© Teaching-aids at low cost
![Page 8: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
© Teaching-aids at low cost
![Page 9: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
© Teaching-aids at low cost
![Page 10: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
© Teaching-aids at low cost
![Page 11: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
© Teaching-aids at low cost
![Page 12: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
© Teaching-aids at low cost
![Page 13: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
©Teaching-aids at low cost
![Page 14: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
The syndromic approach to STIs
Principles of syndromic management:
• Recognize the syndrome
• The syndrome could be caused by one or more of a number of organisms
• Treat with a combination of drugs
• Drugs should cover the common organisms potentially responsible for the syndrome
• Organisms must be sensitive to the drugs
![Page 15: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Syndromic approach - advantages
• No laboratory tests needed: – reduces costs– patient does not have to wait for results
• Works well for urethral discharge & genital ulcers
• Simple to use
• Can be used at all levels of the health system
• Promotes standardization
• Facilitates training
![Page 16: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Syndromic approach - challenges
• Many STIs are asymptomatic
• Vaginal discharge is not necessarily the result of an STI
• Vaginitis vs cervicitis - overtreat vs undertreat
• Overuse of drugs: costs, side effects, resistance
• Lack of acceptance by clinicians
![Page 17: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
The syndromic approach to STIs
In spite of its limitations,
the syndromic approach is at present
the most realistic option for
the management of STIs in resource-poor settings.
![Page 18: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
STIs in conflict settings
Syndromic approach included in:
• MISP
• Sphere
• IASC Guidelines for HIV/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings
![Page 19: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Addressing the problem of STIs
• STIs are a common health problem
• STIs have serious consequences
• The management of STIs is challenging
SO……..
• What can individuals do about STIs?
• What can health services do about STIs?
![Page 20: 1 Diagnosis & treatment of STIs Over 30 different organisms can cause STIs Many infections have similar symptoms & signs Accurate treatment requires accurate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062621/551beacb550346af588b6380/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
What can individuals do to reduce the spread of STIs?
1. Protect yourself - ABC
2. Prevent transmission to partners:
- get STIs treated without delay
- use condoms or abstain until STI is cured
- urge partners to get treatment