1. Describe the difference between the Deciduous Forest ... · PDF file1. Describe the...
Transcript of 1. Describe the difference between the Deciduous Forest ... · PDF file1. Describe the...
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1. Describe the difference between the Deciduous Forest and the Coniferous Forest Biomes.
2. How are the TUNDRA and DESERT similar? How are they different?
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1. Put ANSWERS INTO I-RESPOND…. (I will call you up to do so.) Not everyone can use an
i-respond at once.
2. While we are waiting, you should be working on the AQUATIC BIOMES WORKSHEET if needed. It needs to be handed in when you are finished.
3. BIOME PASSPORT FILL IN– We will work as a class to fill in any gaps in your passport books.
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Please take careful notes!! You will use the Biome books for your
upcoming Biome project!
FYI Biome visual Quiz– Friday 10/24 Biome Exam (Ecology Exam 3)- 11/5
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1. Deciduous Forest 2. Coniferous Forest (Tiaga) 3. Tropical Rainforest 4. Savanna (Tropical Grassland) 5. Desert 6. Tundra 7. Marine 8. Freshwater
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Temperature: Summer: 28 Deg. C (82 F)
Winter: 6 Deg. C (43 F)
Rainfall: 75-125 cm (29.5-49in)
Soil: Fertile (Allows many different types of trees to grow)
Common Plants(Flora): Trees-oak, beech, maple, elm, willow
Flowering herbs
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Plant Adaptations: Leaves fall off the trees in order to conserve water
Common Herbivores: ◦ Possums, rabbits,
squirrels, raccoons, deer
◦ Common Carnivores: Bears, snakes,
woodpeckers
Animal Adaptations: ◦ Some animals
hibernate in the winter
◦ Animals gather food to store to make it through the winter
◦ Many grow thicker
coats to keep warm in winter and shed in summer
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American Bald Eagle
American Black Bear
Duckbill Platypus
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4 Seasons (summer, winter, spring, fall)
Found in the eastern half of North America, middle of Europe, Asia, New Zealand and Australia
Losing land due to farms and humans building (some areas protected)
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Temperature: Summer:14
Deg C(57 F) Winter: -10 Deg. C (14 F)
Rainfall: 35-75 cm (14-29.5 in)
Soil: thin, nutrient poor, and
acidic
Common Plants (Flora):
Conifer trees (have seeds, pinecones) Pine, Fir, Spruce
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Plant Adaptations: ◦ Conifer trees have a waxy
coating to prevent them from drying out, and protects them from cold winters
◦ Trees stay green all year round– called evergreen trees
Common Animals: ◦ Woodpeckers, hawks,
moose, bear, weasel, lynx, fox, deer, chipmunks, bats
◦ Animal Adaptations: Hibernation
Migration
Storage
Body and Color Adaptation (thicker coats in winter, different colors)
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Grizzly Bear
Great Grey Owl
Siberian Tiger
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The Coniferous Forest has cold, long, snowy winters, and warm, humid summers; well-defined seasons, at least four to six frost-free months.
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Temperature: Daytime: 34 Deg C (93 F) Nighttime: 20 Deg C (68 F) (Doesn’t have distinguished seasons)
Rainfall: up to 400cm per year (157.5 in)
Soil: Nutrient poor, acidic, topsoil is only 2 inches Where rainforests are located: -Central America -Africa -Indo-Malaysia India -Southeast Asia, - New Guinea and Australia.
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Common Plants (Flora):
Highly diverse plant life, has more kinds of trees than any other area in the world, Only covers 6% of the Earth’s surface, but provides 20% of our oxygen.
Plant Adaptations: ◦ plants shed water off
their leaves quickly so the branches don't get weighed down and break
To absorb as much sunlight as possible, leaves are very large
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Common animals:
◦ Jaguar, many tropical
birds, small mammals, Insects make up the largest single group of animals
Animal Adaptations:
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Jaguars
Orangutans
Macaws
Sloths
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Savannas (Tropical Grasslands)
Contain the greatest number of grazing animals on Earth.
Location: Found in the tropics…near equator
Amount of precipitation supports tall grasses but only occasional trees.
The word savanna stems from an Amerind term for plains
http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/savanna/savanna.html
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Tropical Savanna
Abiotic Factors Temperature: Dry Season- 34 Deg C (93 Degrees)
Wet Season: 16 Deg. C (61Degrees)
~Rainy and dry season ~25-150 in/yr precipitation ~Fire plays a large role in this ecosystem
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/savannah.html
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Umbrella Thorn Acacia
Tropical Savanna
Plant
Adaptations
Grows in Tufts
Resistance to Drought
Many plants have thorns and
sharp leaves to protect
against predation.
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/savanna_plant_page.htm
Kangaroos Paws
Baobab
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Adapt for short rainy season—migrate as necessary
Limited food leads to vertical feeding
Reproduce during rainy season—ensures more young survive
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/savanna_animal_page.htm
Zebras
Chacma Baboon
Tropical Savanna
Animal Adaptations
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Threats to the Tropical
Savanna
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/savanna_animal_page.htm
Invasive species
Changes in fire management
Because of their low elevation,
some savannas are threatened
by minor rises in sea level
associated with global climate
change
Koala
Elephant
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Location: Found in Russia
and the Ukraine
Temperature: Summer: 30
Degrees C (86F)
Winter: 0 Degrees C (32
F)
Rainfall:150 cm(59 inches) http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/steppe.htm
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Steppe Abiotic Factors
www.plasmacy.de
www.wsu.edu
Precipitation: Less than 50
inches per year (50-90 cm)
Soil: Deep Dark, fertile upper
layers. Nutrient rich.
Mountains often play a role in climate characteristics
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Tumbleweed
Sweet Vernal
Plant adaptations of the Steppe
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/steppe_plant_page.htm
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http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/steppe_animal_page.htm
Adaptations of Steppe Animals
Mongolian Gerbil
Saiga Antelope
Gazelle herd
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Threats to the Steppe
(List under description of biome)
Overgrazing…nomadic tribes have
started to spend more time in one
location,
Infrastructure development (roads,
buildings, etc)
Unmanaged hunting and poaching is
destroying herds of animals
Corsac fox
Lynx
Milk vetch http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/steppe.h
tm
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Desert
Ecosystems
Location:
Depending
on type of
desert, you
will find
them in
various
locations.
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Desert Abiotic
factors
Less than10 in/yr of rain (Less than 25 cm)
SOIL: ~Shallow, rocky or gravely ~Little to no topsoil due to high winds. ~Minerals not deep in soil.
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/taiga.html
While there are many types of
deserts, they all share one
characteristic: They are the
driest places on Earth!
Temperature:
Summer 38 Deg
C (100 F)
Winter: 7 Deg C
(45 F)
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Desert Plant
Adaptations:
Spines
Succulents
Thick, waxy cuticle
Shallow, broad roots
All adapt to having little water
Barrel Cactus
Ocotollio
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Desert Animal
Adaptations:
Get water from food Thick outer coat Burrow during day Large ears Smaller animals = less surface area
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/desert_animal_page.htm
Javelina
Bob Cat
Armadillo Lizard
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Threats to the Desert
Residential development
Off road recreational
activities destroy habitat
for plants and animals.
Some plants are removed by
collectors, endangering the
population.
Sonoran Desert
Dry Desert
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm
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Desert Plant
Adaptations:
Spines
Succulents
Thick, waxy cuticle
Shallow, broad roots
All adapt to having little water
Barrel Cactus
Ocotollio
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http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/tundra/tundra.html
Tundra
Temperature:
Summer:12 D
Deg. C(54F)
Winter: -26 Deg.
C (-15F)
Location:
Found
north of
the Arctic
Circle
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Tundra Abiotic Factors
Rainfall: Less than 25 inches per year Temp rarely higher than 100C Permafrost layer Short growing season
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/taiga.html
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Tundra Plant Adaptations
Growing close to the ground
Having shallow roots to absorb the limited
water resources.
Trees grow less than 1 m high!
cottongrass
Reindeer lichen
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Woody shrubs
http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/tundra/tundra.html
Heaths
Examples of Tundra Plants
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~Breed and raise young quickly in the summer, ~migration ~Few predators
Small ears
Insulation, thick coat
Arctic fox snowy owl
Grizzly Bear Tundra Animal
Adaptations
Other
animals: ~polar bears
~salmon
~caribou
~ falcons
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Threats to the Tundra
One of the most fragile biomes on the planet
The tundra is
slow to
recover from
damage.
Oil drilling
is
proposed
in Alaska
and other
areas!
Tufted Saxifrage
Polar Bear
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Freshwater Ecosystems
Salinity <0.5 ppt. Lake are the deepest of fresh water systems Lakes are fed by underground aquifer or
stream Ponds are fed by rainfall and may be seasonal http://mbgnet.mobot.org/fresh/
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Sun can reach bottom
Fed by rainfall May be seasonal Algae and plants
throughout
Microscopic Animals
and Algae
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Lakes and ponds—Abiotic Factors
Littoral
zone: nutrient rich
area found
close to shore
Benthic
zone: bottom of the
lake where no
sunlight can
reach.
www.dnr.wi.gov
www.uwsp.edu
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Plants are floating algae and plants along shoreline
Animals live in or near water
Lakes and ponds:
Plants and Animals
Adaptations
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Threats to lakes and ponds
All water
systems
are being
polluted
and
degraded
by human
impact www.aquaticbiomes.gov
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Uses:
Animal/plant
homes
Carbon “sink”
Water
recharge
areas,
removing
pollutants
Types: Brackish and
freshwater
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Very shallow with land occasionally exposed
Saturated soil
Low oxygen in water and soil
Emergent plants
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm
Heron
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Location: Found on flat, poorly
drained land, often near streams
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Bogs - sphagnum
moss is
dominant http://mbgnet.mobot.org/fresh/wetlands/
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Threats to Wetlands
Previous backfilling
and clearing for
farmland or
development has
been a concern.
www.kathimitchell.com
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/bi
ome/aquatic.html
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River: Plant and Animal
Adaptations
Will vary based
on where in
the river they
are…at the
headwaters,
organisms
need to hang
on!
www.3d-screensaver-
downloads.com
www.cs.dartmouth.edu
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Threats to Rivers
Industry uses
water to
dispose of
waste products
Runoff from
homes and
other places
causes
changes in
acidity,
pollution, etc.
Dams alter the
flow of the
water
www.nwk.usace.army.mil
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Fresh and salt water meet
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Plant and Animal Adaptations of
Estuaries
Very productive
biome because
it receives lots
of light and
nutrients
Often used as
nursery for
young www.lookoutnow.com & www.visualparadox.com
Manatee and
goose
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Threats to Estuaries
Many ports are found
on estuaries—
pollution
Human population
www.davenewbould.co.uk
pers-erf.org
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Close to equator
Consistent water temperature
Shallow water
Low in Nutrients
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Breeding area for many fish
http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/coral/
Animal adaptations of
the Coral Reef
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Threats to the Coral Reefs
Temperature is important,
too hot or too cold and
the animals can’t live
there to create limestone
Human intrusion (scuba diving)
is damaging if you
touch/step on the reef
Pollution is also a concern.
www.calacademy.org
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Ocean Abiotic factors
Open ocean is one of
the least productive
areas on earth, too
little sunlight to
support plant
growth
Covers nearly
¾ of the
Earth’s
surface.
http://www.worldbiomes.com/bio
mes_aquatic.htm
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Ocean Plant adaptations
http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/eviau/edit557/oceans/norma/onfrm.htm
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Ocean Animal Adaptations
Zooplankton—
sea’s smallest
herbivores
Deep ocean animals
feed on detritus—
floating debris in the
water column.
http://www.kidzworld.com/site/p1951.htm
Hammerhead
Lion fish
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Threats to
the Oceans
While the
oceans are
vast, they
are
becoming
more
polluted
Overfishing
and some
fishing
methods are
destroying
fishing
grounds. http://www.worldbiomes.com/biomes_aquatic.htm
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Polar Ecosystems
Can be
considered
marine
ecosystems
since the base
of food chain is
phytoplankton
www.defenders.org
www.awi-bremerhaven.de
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Arctic vs. Antarctic
Arctic
Relatively
shallow, lots of
nutrients for
large variety of
animals in food
web, People,
seals and polar
bears found
here. nmml.afsc.noaa.gov
Antarctic
Penguins live
here—only continent
not used by humans
(exc. Research)
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Threats to the Polar Ecosystems
Reserves of minerals
draw humans to
these fragile
ecosystems.
The main threat to
wildlife has been
the increase in
tourism—garbage
left behind newt.phys.unsw.edu.a
u
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Oceans
Photic Zone– Portion of marine biome that is shallow enough to penetrate sunlight
(coastlines-shore, beaches, mudflats)
Aphotic Zone– Deeper Waters that do not receive sunlight. (Deep, least explored oceans)
Phos- Light (Greek)
A- Without (Greek)
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Largest amounts of biomass (living materials) though often very small
Whales, seals, sea otters, sea cows
Kelp, algea, sea grass
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Bay, sound, fjord, salt marshes, wetlands
Freshwater mixes with salt water (some land)
Brackish Water (more salt than freshwater; but less than marine)
Salinity ranges ◦ Amount of freshwater vs. Saltwater
◦ Tides
◦ Biodiversity
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Eelgrass, smooth cordgrass, sea lavender
Shiner Perch, Starry Flounder Orange Striped Jellyfish, Purple Shore Crab, Scallop
Predators– cranes and other birds
Decay of dead organisms is quick, nutrients recycled through food web.
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Major abiotic factors: temperature and light
Not enough sunlight penetrates to bottom to support photosynthesis ◦ Few aquatic plants or algea grow
◦ Population density lower
◦ Bacteria break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients
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Concentric bands or clusters of species
Cattails, sedges
Tadpoles, aquatic insects, turtles, worms, crayfish, beetles, dragonflies, minnows, bluegill, carp.