1 Crucifixion explanations

Introduction http://www.islamawakened.com/quran/4/157/default.htm Umm Muhammad (Sahih International) And [for] their saying, "Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the messenger of Allah ." And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for certain

modified at start for clarification: And their [the Jews] saying, “Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the messenger of Allah.” And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for certain. http://www.islamawakened.com/quran/4/158/default.htm Umm Muhammad (Sahih International) Rather, Allah raised him to Himself. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise.

Islam crucifixion http://contra-mundum.org/schirrmacher/crucifixion.pdf http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=585&Itemid=59 his 2nd coming after this also Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "Just before Allah raised `Isa to the heavens, `Isa went to his companions, who were twelve inside the house. When he arrived, his hair was dripping water and he said, `There are those among you who will disbelieve in me twelve times after he had believed in me.' He then asked, `Who volunteers that his image appear as mine, and be killed in my place. He will be with me (in Paradise)' One of the youngest ones among them volunteered and `Isa asked him to sit down. `Isa again asked for a volunteer, and the young man kept volunteering and `Isa asking him to sit down. Then the young man volunteered again and `Isa said, `You will be that man,' and the resemblance of `Isa was cast over that man while `Isa ascended to heaven from a hole in the house. When the Jews came looking for `Isa, they found that young man and crucified him. Some of `Isa's followers disbelieved in him twelve times after they had believed in him. They then divided into three groups. One group, Al-Ya`qubiyyah (Jacobites), said, `Allah remained with us as long as He willed and then ascended to heaven.' Another group, An-Nasturiyyah (Nestorians), said, `The son of Allah was with us as long as he willed and Allah took him to heaven.' Another group, Muslims, said, `The servant and Messenger of Allah remained with us as long as Allah willed, and Allah then took him to Him.' The two disbelieving groups cooperated against the Muslim group and

they killed them. Ever since that happened, Islam was then veiled until Allah sent Muhammad .'' This statement has an authentic chain of narration leading to Ibn `Abbas, and An-Nasa'i narrated it through Abu Kurayb who reported it from Abu Mu`awiyah. Many among the Salaf stated that `Isa asked if someone would volunteer for his appearance to be cast over him, and that he will be killed instead of `Isa, for which he would be his companion in Paradise. interesting https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C1cQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38#v=onepage&q&f=false has others similar to above

Gnosticism crucifixion 32 Now as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name. Him they compelled to bear His cross. - Matthew 27:32 NKJV http://biblehub.com/commentaries/matthew/27-32.htm The act implied that our Lord was sinking beneath the burden, and that the soldiers began to fear that He might die before they reached the place of execution. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Basilides He appeared on earth as a man and performed miracles. Thus he himself did not suffer. Rather, a certain Simon of Cyrene was compelled to carry his cross for him. It was he who was ignorantly and erroneously crucified, being transfigured by him, so that he might be thought to be Jesus. Moreover, Jesus assumed the form of Simon, and stood by laughing at them Ref Haer. 1.24.4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostic_Apocalypse_of_Peter http://jacksonsnyder.com/sss/pages/Apocalypse%20of%20Peter%20Gnostic.htm The Savior said to me, "The person that you saw on the tree, the one who is glad and laughing, that is the living Jesus! The other one, into whose hands and feet they are driving spikes, that one is the body; he is the flesh-manifestation of the immortal being put to shame, the likeness perceived by the natural eye. Look at him, then look at me." I looked, and was much afraid and perturbed. In my confusion I said, "Lord, no one is looking at you. Let's get out of here!" But he said to me, "Haven't I told you to stay away from the blind? Can't you hear that they don't know what they are saying? They think that they have put my servant to shame, when in reality, they have hung the son of THEIR glory on the tree!" Then I looked again and saw someone approaching that resembled the one who was laughing on the tree. He was filled with the Holy Spirit, and I knew him then to be the Savior. http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/2seth.html For Adonaios knows me because of hope. And I was in the mouths of lions. And the plan which they devised about me to release their Error and their senselessness - I did not succumb to them as they had planned. But I was not afflicted at all. Those who were there punished me. And I did not die in reality but in appearance, lest I be put

to shame by them because these are my kinsfolk. I removed the shame from me and I did not become fainthearted in the face of what happened to me at their hands. I was about to succumb to fear, and I <suffered> according to their sight and thought, in order that they may never find any word to speak about them. For my death, which they think happened, (happened) to them in their error and blindness, since they nailed their man unto their death. For their Ennoias did not see me, for they were deaf and blind. But in doing these things, they condemn themselves. Yes, they saw me; they punished me. It was another, their father, who drank the gall and the vinegar; it was not I. They struck me with the reed; it was another, Simon, who bore the cross on his shoulder. I was another upon Whom they placed the crown of thorns. But I was rejoicing in the height over all the wealth of the archons and the offspring of their error, of their empty glory. And I was laughing at their ignorance. And I subjected all their powers. For as I came downward, no one saw me. For I was altering my shapes, changing from form to form. … (laughing at adam etc) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_cross_variants Mentions use of Gnostic cross, like the Ankh symbol

Moses loj p487 – moses and the two brothers fighting A royal command was issued for the arrest of Moses, and he was condemned to death by the sword. The angels came to God, and said, “Moses, the familiar of Thine house, is held under restraint,” and God replied, “I will espouse his cause.” “But,” the angels urged, “his verdict of death has been pronounced—yes, they are leading him to execution,” and again God made reply, as before, “I will espouse his cause.” Moses mounted the scaffold, and a sword, sharp beyond compare, was set upon his neck ten times, but it always slipped away, because his neck was as hard as ivory. And a still greater miracle came to pass. God sent down the angel Michael, in the guise of a hangman [below has executioner], and the human hangman charged by Pharaoh with the execution was changed into the form of Moses. This spurious Moses the angel killed with the very sword with which the executioner had purposed to slay the intended victim. Meantime Moses took to flight. Pharaoh ordered his pursuit, but it was in vain. The king’s troops were partly stricken with blindness, partly with dumbness. The dumb could give no information about the abiding-place of Moses, and the blind, though they knew where it was, could not get to it. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11049-moses#anchor9 Pharaoh had forgiven Moses everything else, but would not forgive him for killing the Egyptian. He delivered him to the executioner, who chose a very sharp sword with which to kill Moses; but the latter's neck became like a marble pillar, dulling the edge of the sword ("M. W." l.c.). Meanwhile the angel Michael descended from heaven, and took the form of the executioner, giving the latter the shape of Moses and so killing him. He then took up Moses and carried him beyond the frontier of Egypt for a distance of three, or, according to another account, of forty, days ("D. Y." l.c.; "S. Y." p. 115b). According to another legend, the angel took the shape of Moses, and allowed himself to be caught, thus giving the real Moses an opportunity to escape (Mek., Yitro. 1 [ed. Weiss. 66a]; Ex. R. i. 36).

Meaning goats identical “First, there were two goats and, according to the Mishnah, they had to be identical (m.Yoma 6.1). Between them, they carried the ritual. This is important; the two goats were two aspects of one ritual and cannot be separated.” (Barker, 1994, p. 8) 10 attempts at beheading The high priest “proceeded to do the daily Avodah.” (Oppen, 1995, p. 27) !! put in what heb words mean when done=morning serive 16 He had in His right hand seven stars, out of His mouth went a sharp two-edged sword, and His countenance was like the sun shining in its strength. - Revelation 1:16 NKJV swords, yet there is a line in a poem about Muhammad which has been commented on as follows: “The Messenger is a light that illuminates, an Indian blade, a sword of Allah, drawn ... The best swords of the time were Indian and the connection between the sword and light is that the Arabs signalled the way by standing on a rise and brandishing their swords in the sun so that they flashed like mirrors” (al-Badawi, 2015, p. 97) face dripping with water “He removed the eight garments, immersed himself in the Mikveh located on the roof of the Bais Haparvab and put on the four linen garments” (Oppen, 1995, p. 28) order of the rituals oppen p30 “He walked to a bull … He placed both hands on its head and leaned on it while confessing his sins and the sins of his household.” Oppen p32 “two identical goats stood near a box with two lots” oppen pp76 red wool tied around neck of other goat “The Gemara interprets the language of the Misbnah to mean that he also tied a band around the neck (as opposed to between the horns) of the goat for Hashem.” Pp101 also: “Even on the goat that was sent to Hashem he would tie a red thread against the slaughtering section of the neck.” oppen p34 “After the lottery, he returned to his bull. He leaned on it again and made a confession on behalf of all the Kohanim.” Other rituals performed, and after all sprinkling done

Oppen p62 “Upon completion of the sprinkling and pouring of the blood, the Kohain Gadol went to the east side of the Azarah where the goat designated for Mount Azazel stands. While leaning on its head with his hands, he confessed on behalf of the entire nation.” goat then sent away oppen p78 removing incense from hoh oppen p82 “The Kobain Gadol completed bringing the Mtissaf Korbanos and the afternoon Tamid. He repeated all that was done for the daily Avodah in the morning. He kindled the Menorah which burned throughout the night” 2 Let my prayer be set before You [as] incense, The lifting up of my hands [as] the evening sacrifice. [Psa 141:2 NKJV] For laughing=YHWH see the explanations for the Hey Diddle Diddle picture http://www.rwtheology.org

Alternative Interpretation of Quran 5 Then he threw down the pieces of silver in the temple and departed, and went and hanged himself. 6 But the chief priests took the silver pieces and said, "It is not lawful to put them into the treasury, because they are the price of blood." 7 And they consulted together and bought with them the potter's field, to bury strangers in. 8 Therefore that field has been called the Field of Blood to this day. [Mat 27:5-8 NKJV] 18 (Now this man purchased a field with the wages of iniquity; and falling headlong, he burst open in the middle and all his entrails gushed out. 19 And it became known to all those dwelling in Jerusalem; so that field is called in their own language, Akel Dama, that is, Field of Blood.) [Act 1:18-19 NKJV] (observe that not only is the manner of Judas’ death different, but also who bought the field) 46 And when Jesus had cried out with a loud voice, He said, "Father, 'into Your hands I commit My spirit.' " Having said this, He breathed His last. [Luk 23:46 NKJV] 11 And for this reason God will send them strong delusion, that they should believe the lie, [2Th 2:11 NKJV] 23 "Therefore look! The LORD has put a lying spirit in the mouth of all these prophets of yours, and the LORD has declared disaster against you." [1Ki 22:23 NKJV] http://www.islamawakened.com/quran/4/157/default.htm Generally Accepted Translations of the Meaning

it only seemed to them [as if it had been] so :equivalents x28 (Yusuf Ali has “so it was made to appear”)

1. it appeared to them so (like Isa) 2. a likeness to him of another was shown to them. 3. a resemblance of him was presented to them (i.e. the matter was made obscure

for them through mutual resemblance). 4. They, in fact, murdered someone else by mistake. 5. they were deluded by resemblance 6. [another] was made to resemble him to them

Christ in islam and Christianity Pp108 The Caliph then explained that the reason why God had not allowed the Jews to crucify the Messiah was that He esteemed him highly. Pp109 Third, Timothy mentioned that, according to John 10:17f, Jesus laid down his life of his own accord. In the light of this and other passages from the New Testament, it is arguable that Qur'an 4:157 does not actually deny that Jesus was killed and crucified: it merely denies the Jews' arrogant claim that they killed and crucified him. This denial is well founded historically because it was the Romans who carried out the execution (cf. Mark 15:15). It is also theologically sound because the real reason for Jesus' death was that it was in accordance with God's will (cf. Mark 8:31). If one follows this line of argument the words shubbiha lahum have to be translated «it appeared to them as such», 6 that is to say it appeared to the Jews that they were solely responsible for Jesus' death because they were not aware of the deeper significance of the event. The alternative is to follow Zaehner in detecting here a distant echo of Philippians 2:7ff which speaks of Jesus being 'made in the likeness of men' and refers to God's having 'exalted him' after he had become 'obedient unto death, even death on a cross.' 7 pp115 The attempt of some Christian apologists to circumvent the Qur'anic denial of the crucifixion is disingenuous in the extreme. If the intention of 4:1579 had been to indicate that it was God or the Romans and not the Jews who crucified Jesus this would surely have been stated explicitly. Zaehner's suggestion that 4:1579 echoes the hymn in Philippians 2:7ff is implausible because of the dearth of references to the Pauline Epistles in the Qur'an. On the other hand Cragg is quite correct to insist that the Qur'an asserts man's evil intention of killing Jesus. Pp134 [The verb is the third person singular masculine perfect passive of shabbaha 'to make similar', 'to make resemble'.] 46 And when Jesus had cried out with a loud voice, He said, "Father, 'into Your hands I commit My spirit.' " Having said this, He breathed His last. [Luk 23:46 NKJV] 17 "Therefore My Father loves Me, because I lay down My life that I may take it again. 18 "No one takes it from Me, but I lay it down of Myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This command I have received from My Father." [Jhn 10:17-18 NKJV] IE NO ONE KILLED JESUS

http://www.islamawakened.com/quran/4/158/default.htm Umm Muhammad (Sahih International) Rather, Allah raised him to Himself. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise. 43 And Jesus said to him, "Assuredly, I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise." [Luk 23:43 NKJV]

Summary Quran 19:33: "So Peace is on me the day I was born the day that I die and the Day that I shall be raised up to life (again)"! Ismaili muslims believe jesus crucified https://ismailignosis.com/2013/03/29/the-crucifixion-in-shia-ismaili-islam/ links to http://themathesontrust.org/papers/islam/andani-crucifixion.pdf p6-7 The Ikhwan al-Safa go as far as to narrate the entire story of Jesus’ Crucifixion in their Epistles as follows: So Jesus went the next day and appeared to the people and summoned them and preached to them until he was seized and taken to the king of the banu isra’il. The king ordered his crucifixion, so his nasut (physical body) was crucified, and his hands were nailed to the wooden cross and he stayed crucified from morning till evening. And he asked for water but was given vinegar [to drink]. Then he was pierced with a lance and buried in a place near the cross while forty troops guarded the tomb. And all of this occurred in the presence of the disciples. When they saw him they knew that it was he CERTAINLY and that he had [not] commanded them to DIFFER ABOUT IT. Then they gathered three days later in a place. And Jesus did appear to them and they saw that mark which was known by them. The news was spread among the banu isra’il that the Messiah was not killed. So the tomb was opened and the nasut (physical body) was not found. Thus, the troops DIFFERED AMONG THEMSELVES and much idle chatter ensured, and the story was complicated

last letter heb alphabet ezek 9:5? written on foreheads moses crossing red sea, opening and closing? Water from rock, moses, twelve springs, 3 per side and greek cross Oxen around bronze sea

negative cross? https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3bq6BwAAQBAJ&dq=omar+mosque+square+history+al-aqsa&q=omar+cross#v=onepage&q=umar%20cross&f=false jews advised umar to destroy crosses

Hadith https://islamqa.info/en/47060 https://sunnah.com/bukhari/77/168 “The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) would not leave anything in his house on which there was a cross but he would alter it.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 5952. https://sunnah.com/abudawud/34/132 The Messenger of Allah (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) never left in his house anything containing the figure of a cross without destroying it. B ُنَقََضھ naqadah google undone D ُقََضبَھ qadabah google quill Uses letter dad BUT https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H6915&t=KJV qdd “to shrivel up, i.e. contract or bend the body (or neck) in deference:—bow (down) (the) head, stoop.” In aramaic Targums http://www.peshitta.org gen 24:26 similar qdm word used for worship http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/data/21_q/123_qDe.html related word matter, affair, event http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=qDD triliteral root qāf ḍād ḍād=collapse http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=qDb#(80:28:2) triliteral root qāf ḍād bā=green fodder http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=qdd triliteral root qāf dāl dāl =tore So could the original have been something different? Google translate bend into Arabic get bend, fizzle عقدة في حبل euqda Tāʼ marbūṭah knot عقدة NOTE: uses dalet not dad, as above https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ḍād

When representing this sound in transliteration of Arabic into Hebrew, it is either written with ד (the letter for /d/) or צ׳ (tsadi with geresh).

Prince with cross xp prince with cross on forehead well received by muh https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_nImTioI7ygC&pg=PA706&lpg=PA706&dq=prince+cross+gold+forehead+muhammad&source=bl&ots=f_S7T8pKhl&sig=bw6janiLaSbQXGsxc1ueFgIsZ70&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQpob1rvvRAhXCLcAKHaXCBjAQ6AEILTAH#v=onepage&q=prince%20cross%20gold%20forehead%20muhammad&f=false https://www.alislam.org/library/books/muhammad_seal_of_the_prophets/chapter_14.html has prince converting to islam http://www.soebratie.nl/religie/hadith/IbnSad.html has cross being covered https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-Z4nAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT573&lpg=PT573&dq=%22cross+of+gold%22+life+muhammad&source=bl&ots=ZqIw2L5vcS&sig=F9Xz-WVYjwSy3kjCdIxLwetEiyY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFnIn5sPvRAhUIKcAKHWBUDrMQ6AEIGjAA#v=onepage&q=%22cross%20of%20gold%22%20life%20muhammad&f=false he was restrained https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uv3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT277&lpg=PT277&dq=%22golden+cross%22+prince+treaty+muhammad&source=bl&ots=RDBggDaeAI&sig=BqwszeuGpiYfEBort6Zbv0cxQlU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiz2aKPsvvRAhXjIsAKHdp_BqUQ6AEIIzAB#v=onepage&q=%22golden%20cross%22%20prince%20treaty%20muhammad&f=false declared his submission https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0sdrb9ABIkIC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=%22golden+cross%22+prince+treaty+muhammad&source=bl&ots=F0qpcLh30v&sig=M2izM90ty_qRMF4qK57lIh0K5Bw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiz2aKPsvvRAhXjIsAKHdp_BqUQ6AEIJjAC#v=onepage&q=%22golden%20cross%22%20prince%20treaty%20muhammad&f=false he captured while hunting wild cows(!), became muslim http://www.islam4theworld.net/sirah/LifeMuhammadS/32.%20tabuk%20Death.htm Yuhanna ibn Ru'bah, Governor of Aylah, received such an invitation. He came in person carrying a golden cross, presented gifts, declared his submission, and handed over the keys of his island to the Prophet. So did the people of al Jarba' and Adhruh, and they all paid the jizyah. Submission, but not become muslim https://www.al-islam.org/the-message-ayatullah-jafar-subhani/chapter-53-battle-tabuk

He also contacted the Rulers of Aylah, Azri'at and Jarba' and non-aggression pacts were concluded between the parties. Aylah is a coastal city situated on the coast of the Red Sea and is at some distance from Syria. Its ruler named Yuhanna (John) son of Rowbah came from his capital to Tabuk, wearing a golden cross round his neck. He presented a white mule to the Prophet and expressed his obedience to him. The Prophet appreciated his gesture and also gave him a present in return. The said ruler decided to remain a Christian and agreed to pay three thousand Dinars per year as jizyah (tribute) http://www.faithfreedom.org/Articles/sinaawa14.htm Ukaydir was carried through the streets of Medina while wearing his silken and velvet dress lined with gold and his golden cross necklace. The Muslims greatly admired it. Muhammad then told them that in paradise they will have better clothing that that. When the chief was brought to Muhammad, he demanded him to embrace Islam or be killed. The argument proved to be too compelling for the Christian chief to resist and he submitted to Islam at once. However as soon as the news of the death of Muhammad reached Ukaydir, he revolted and left Islam again.

Another hadith,weak anti-cross hadith is weak https://sunnah.com/urn/641040

Israilit Earth bull ibn abbas from rabbi, ibn abbas source for ibn kathir above https://islamqa.info/en/114861 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%27ab_al-Ahbar http://www.shiavault.com/books/light-on-the-muhammadan-sunnah-or-defence-of-the-hadith/chapters/29-ka-b-al-ahbar-245 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JMXAPJK9WDkC&pg=PA339&lpg=PA339&dq=Ibn+%60Abbas+Ka'b+al-Ahbar&source=bl&ots=-TyxBASPIX&sig=dGQyKXCjkryIKaVyEmddRwF9akc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjI48CS16DUAhXCKcAKHWIlCPsQ6AEISjAH#v=onepage&q=Ibn%20%60Abbas%20Ka'b%20al-Ahbar&f=false https://www.jstor.org/stable/1453146?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents https://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team/companions-and-jewish-influence-part-1 anti him http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/9105-ka-b-al-ahbar ibn abbas disciple https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C1cQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38#v=onepage&q&f=false NOTE I HAVE PDF ON MY LAPTOP has many different types of substitution legends p35

…

p38

… p39

p42 google books https://www.amazon.co.uk/Crucifixion-Quran-History-Muslim-Thought/dp/1851686355 p64

p65

…

p66

--- p97

- p144

p148

john of Damascus said quran denied jesus’ crucifixion – he very early some muslims believe jesus crucified https://ismailignosis.com/2013/03/29/the-crucifixion-in-shia-ismaili-islam/ links to http://themathesontrust.org/papers/islam/andani-crucifixion.pdf pdf saved

2 Bibliography al-Badawi, M. (2015). The Light of the Prophet. In S. Rifai, The Islamic Journal 05 (pp. 94-100). Sunnah Muakada. Barker, M. (1994). Atonement: the Right of Healing. From Margaret Barker: http://www.margaretbarker.com/Papers/Atonement.pdf Oppen, M. (1995). The Yom Kippur Avodah. C.I.S. Publishers.