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![Page 1: 1 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All ... · PDF file–AR Autoinvoice –XLA ... •Typical of R12 usage of GTT *, ... 66 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021504/5aa1058c7f8b9a0d158efd93/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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2 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product
direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and
may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality,
and should not be relied upon in making purchasing
decisions. The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle’s products
remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
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3 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Optimizing Your E-Business Infrastructure More Performant, better Productivity and reduced Costs
Didier Wojciechowski
Solution Architect
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4 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
About the speaker
15 years working on E-Business Suite .
5 Years in Oracle Services (Consulting) – France & Africa
Appstech consultant
2 Years in Oracle Sales (Presales) – Switzerland
3 Years in Oracle OnDemand
5 Years in Oracle Sales (Presales) – Global Sales support
4 Years Oracle/IBM Joint solution Center (IBM montpellier)
Oracle Apps specialist - Performance -Benchmarks
Member of the Global Sales Engineered Systems Solutions Architecture Group
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5 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Program Agenda
The challenges when deploying EBS
Performance
Availability
Manageability
Security
Product Certification
Q&A
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6 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Challenges when deploying EBS
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7 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Challenges when deploying EBS
Release 8.3.5 1992*
Release 9.3 1993*
Release 9.4 1994*
Release 10.5 1995*
Release 10.6 1996*
Release 10.7 Feb-1997
Release 11 May-1998
Release 11.5 (11i) May-2000
Release 11.5.10.2 (11i10.2) Jul-2005
Release 12 Feb-2007
Release 12.1 Apr-2009
Release 12.2 (Planned)
Background: Release History
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8 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Challenges when deploying EBS
Release 11i
Software 26 Gb
Production Database 31 Gb
Vision Database 65 Gb
Release 12.0.4
Software 28 Gb
Production Database 45 Gb
Vision Database 133 Gb
Release 12.1.1
Software 35 Gb
Production Database 55 Gb
Vision Database 208 Gb
Background: Footprint
Release 12.2
Software 60 Gb
Production Database 64 Gb
Vision Database 175 Gb
FusionApps
Software ? Gb
Production Database ? Gb
1 Tb
COMING
SOON
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9 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Challenges when deploying EBS Background: Trend
Features Footprint
Installation Time
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10 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Challenges when deploying EBS
• Performance
• Maximum Availability
• Manageability and Maintenance
• Security
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11 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Challenges when deploying EBS
• OLTP response time to keep under the SLA
• OLTP peak day time
• Day-to-Day batch performance
• Nightly Batch window that are slipping during daytime
• Period closure that are facing delays
• Long running batches with auditors waiting for their
reports.
• SQL Plan changes
Challenge #1: Performance
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12 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Challenges when deploying EBS
• MiddleTier response time as the number of users
increase
• 24/7 requirements
• Service Level Agreement
• Unplanned outage (hardware failure, network, power,etc)
• Planned downtime (patching, upgrade)
Challenge #2: Maximum Availability
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13 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Challenges when deploying EBS
• Ongoing patches maintenance
• Service Request: Probleme reproduction, testing,
deployment
• Technology Stack maintenance
– Database upgrade
– Middle Tier upgrade
../..
Challenge #3: Maintenance and Manageability (1/3)
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14 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Challenges when deploying EBS
• Release updates: will there be enough hardware
resource(s) available to test or evaluate EBS release
updates:
– From 11i to R12.x
– From R12.0 to R12.1
– From R12.1 to R12.2
– To FusionApps
../..
Challenge #3: Maintenance and Manageability (2/3)
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15 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Challenges when deploying EBS
• Many environments to maintain (5 to 25 or more)
• Environment provisioning
– Testing requirements to be adressed
– Environment sharing is difficult
– Cloning time turnover is critical
– Environment management is a full time job(s)
Challenge #3: Maintenance and Manageability (3/3)
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16 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
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17 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• In R12.0, most EBS critical concurrent programs now
have multi-threaded capabilities:
– AR Autoinvoice
– XLA CreateAccounting
– AP Invoice Validation
[…]
• But most implementers leave ‘by default’ options
Applicative parallelism
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18 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Built-in database feature to provide optimized plan
recommendations
• SQL Tuning advisor is accessible from both:
– The database console
– The Grid Control
– Command line (SQL*Plus) using DBMS_AUTO_SQLTUNE
• SQL Tuning Advisor can be used to check if there is a
quickwin possible fix, waiting for a SR to be logged, or
the issue to be investigated further
SQL Tuning Advisor
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19 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
SQL Tuning Advisor: Grid Control
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20 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
SQL Tuning Advisor: Case Study
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21 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Real Application Cluster can be considered to increase
the workload throughput.
• RAC may be the only viable and scalable solution to
achieve the performance
• A wise setup is required with EBS
Real Application Clusters
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22 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Financials Accounting Hub
• 15 Millions of events to process
• RAC 4 nodes
• Concurrent managers configured in load balancing mode
over the 4 RAC nodes
Create Accounting Performance w/ RAC – Case Study (1/7)
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23 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance Create Accounting Performance w/ RAC – Case Study (2/7)
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24 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
Create Accounting Performance w/ RAC – Case Study (3/7)
Night Batch Activity Daylight OLTP
CA
XLAACCPB
CE
XLAACCUP
Accounting Workers
Unevenly split over all
RAC nodes
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25 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Concurrent Manager server load balancing results into
into uneven database server load and unpredicable
elapsed time
• Solution:
- Configure node affinity with one apps node per db node
- Split the load over the 4 apps node
Create Accounting Performance w/ RAC – Case Study (4/7)
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26 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance Create Accounting Performance w/ RAC – Case Study (5/7)
server02
server04
server01
server03
db_prod_01 db_prod_02
PROD01
appserver03appserver02
PROD02
Service BATCH_A
Web/
FormsCPMGR
Web/
FormsCPMGR
ASM01 ASM02
db_prod_03
PROD03
ASM03
db_prod_04
PROD04
ASM04
Service OLTP_BAL
Service BATCH_C
appserver01
CPMGR
Service BATCH_B Service BATCH_D
appserver04
CPMGR
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27 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
Create Accounting Performance w/ RAC – Case Study (6/7)
Night Batch Activity Daylight OLTP
CE
CA
XLAACCPB 01
XLACCCUP 01
XLACCCUP 03
XLACCCUP 02
XLACCCUP 01
XLACCCUP 01
XLAACCPB 02CE
CE
XLACCCUP 02
XLACCCUP 02
XLAACCPB 03
XLACCCUP 03
XLACCCUP 03
XLACCCUP 03
CE
XLAACCPB 04
XLACCCUP 04
XLACCCUP 04
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28 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
Lessons learnt for FAH/CreateAccounting:
• Understand the batchsize and workers settings
• Having a smaller number of powerfull RAC nodes is
better than having a high number of small RAC nodes
• Define one apps server per database node
• Use Instance affinity and FND specialization rules to split
the workload over multiple RAC instances
Create Accounting Performance w/ RAC – Case Study (7/7)
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29 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Create the following Cluster Database Services: <PROD>_FORMS
<PROD>_SSA
<PROD>_BATCH_A
<PROD>_BATCH_B
• Specify the alias in the $TNS_ADMIN ifile file <PROD>_CLIENT_FORMS=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(LOAD_BALANCE=YES)
(FAILOVER=YES)
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1531))
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1531))
)
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=<PROD>_FORMS)
))
LoadBalancing w/ RAC – Best Practices (1/3)
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30 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Update in autoconfig on all nodes – Tools OH TWO_TASK’ (s_tools_two_task) to <PROD>_FORMS
– ‘iAS OH TWO_TASK’ (s_weboh_twotask) to <PROD>_SSA
– ‘Apps JDBC Connect Alias’ (s_apps_jdbc_connect_alias) to <PROD>_SSA
• Update in autoconfig on first node – Concurrent Manager TWO_TASK’ (s_cp_twotask) to <PROD>_BATCH_A
• Update in autoconfig on second node – Concurrent Manager TWO_TASK’ (s_cp_twotask) to <PROD>_BATCH_B
LoadBalancing w/ RAC – Best Practices (2/3)
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31 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Update APPLFSTT from all middle tier nodes to ensure
that the <PROD>_CLIENT_FORMS is specified <APPLFSTT oa_var="s_applfstt">
…;<PROD>_FORMS;…
</APPLFSTT>
• If this step is not performed, the following error may be
returned while opening the concurrent requests output
and logfile IAP-CANNOT READ FIELD (FIELDNAME=PARAMETER.CONFIG)
LoadBalancing w/ RAC – Best Practices (3/3)
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32 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
Usual situation:
• Plan regression after patch application
• Typical of R12 usage of GTT *, when the same program
is run for two different workloads from different
subsidiaries, depending on the order of company these
program are run, the optimizer may choose and hold a
path that will not be suitable for companies that are run
second and typically with a bigger workload.
SQL Plan Management (1/6)
* : Global Temporary Table
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33 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
Prior to 11g
• Unpredictable changes can happen to an execution plan
• Avoiding plan changes the only method to avoid performance regression
– Lock Statistics to prevent them from changing
– Freezing an execution plan with a Stored Outline
– Hints
– Code changes
• No mechanism for plans to evolve
SQL Plan Management (2/6)
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34 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
New with 11g
• SQL Plan management with 3 main components
– SQL Plan baseline capture
– SQL Plan baseline selection
– SQL Plan evolution
SQL Plan Management (3/6)
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35 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Managed from
– Command lines (SQL*Plus) using DBMS_SPM
– Database console or Grid Control
• Monitored from
– DBA views DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
– Database console or Grid Control
SQL Plan Management (4/6)
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36 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
SQL Plan Management (5/6)
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37 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
SQL Plan Management (6/6)
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38 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Oracle Applications fully supports the use of custom
partitioning of either Applications standard or custom
tables
• Custom partitioning = Changing the partitioning definition
of an existing applications table as delivered out-of-the-
box from the standard installation
Partitioning: Support Note
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39 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Table availability
– Significantly reduce recovery times of key transaction tables by
recovering specific partitions first.
• Table manageability
– Backup, restore, and rebuild at the partition level.
– Index rebuilds can be performed at the partition level.
– Partition aware operations such as MOVE, EXCHANGE,
REBUILD can be used without affecting active partitions
Partitioning: Benefits (1/2)
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40 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Performance
– Improves access path of most queries since the majority of the
access involves current data (as opposed to historical data)
– Optimizer automatically prunes unnecessary partitions.
– Analytical reports or period close jobs/reports improve by
scanning the current partition as opposed to all the partitions.
– Improves purge performance.
– Significantly improves upgrade performance
– Minimizes upgrade downtime
Partitioning: Benefits (2/2)
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41 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Subleddger Accounting Architecture
• Payables (Trial Balances)
• Advanced Planning and Scheduling
• Projects Resources
• Workflow
• Daily Business Intelligence
• HR (Employee Directory)
• Engineering
Partitioning: Usage in standard products
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42 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
Partitioning: Constant innovation
Core functionality Performance Manageability
Oracle 8.0 Range partitioning
Global Range indexes
Static partition pruning Basic maintenance:
ADD, DROP, EXCHANGE
Oracle 8i Hash partitioning
Range-Hash partitioning
Partition-wise joins
Dynamic partition pruning
Expanded maintenance:
MERGE
Oracle 9i List partitioning Global index maintenance
Oracle 9i R2 Range-List partitioning Fast partition SPLIT
Oracle 10g Global Hash indexes Local Index maintenance
Oracle 10g R2 1M partitions per table Multi-dimensional pruning Fast DROP TABLE
Oracle 11g Virtual column based partitioning
More composite choices
REF partitioning
Interval partitioning
Partition Advisor
Incremental stats mgmt
Oracle 11g R2 Hash-Hash partitioning
Expanded REF partitioning
“AND” pruning Multi-branch execution
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43 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• International Bank
• Data Volumes – GL_JE_LINES (1.1 Billion rows)
– GL_CODE_COMBINATIONS (203 Million rows)
– GL_BALANCES (1.3 Billion rows)
• Partitioning Method: Range (set_of_books_id)
• # of Partitions: 34
• Achieved 11.4M journal lines imported and posted per
hour
Partitioning: Case Study 1 (Ledger)
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44 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Australian Bank
• Data Volumes – GL_JE_LINES (650 Million rows)
– GL_CODE_COMBINATIONS ( 8.5 Million rows)
– GL_BALANCES (200 Million rows)
• Partitioning Method: Range (period_name)
• # of Partitions: 109
• Achieved 7.5M journal lines imported and posted per
hour
Partitioning: Case Study 2 (Ledger)
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45 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Data Volumes – AP_LIABILITY_BALANCE (70M rows)
• Partitioning Method: Hash (org_id)
• # of Partitions: 32
• Trial Balance report runtime reduced from 2 hours to 10
minutes.
Partitioning: Case Study 3 (Payables Trial Balance)
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46 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Consider replacing uneffective, possibly outdated,
custom scripts with more efficient Grid control
monitoring.
Custom monitoring Scripts
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47 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance Custom monitoring Scripts: Case Study
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48 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
RUEI: Real User Experience Insight
Network Switch / Tap
RAC
Web Servers
App Servers
Internet
Firewall
VPN
• How to accurately monitor user experience?
• Performance
• Different Locations/Geographies
• Transaction success/failure/abandonment
• How to objectively measure end-user satisfaction
with an application?
• Synthetic Transactions
• Compare actual to planned
• Capture and store ALL user activity at convergence
point
• Agentless - Zero performance impact
• No application changes required
Capture
Point
Challenge
Solution
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49 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• A few users facing unusual performance issue
• FRD tracing show no issue
• SQL tracing show no issue
• Man days spent in troubleshooting
• End user unhappy
• REUI installed for evaluation
RUEI: (Real) Case Study
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50 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance RUEI: Case Study: Page loading time per user (2/10)
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51 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance RUEI: Case Study: Page loading time satisfaction (3/10)
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52 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance RUEI: Case Study: Page load and reading time (4/10)
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53 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance RUEI: Case Study: Page loading time satisfaction (1/2)
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54 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance RUEI: Case Study: Page loading time satisfaction (2/2)
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Performance RUEI: Case Study: Object size details
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Performance RUEI: Case Study: Object and Size
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Performance RUEI: Case Study: Traffic Size
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58 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Most e-Business suite environments are customized.
• It is not unusual to see customizations listed in the 10
slots of the top 10 consumers in AWR Reports.
• Have ACS or OCS review a few significant
customizations.
• Make sure PL/SQL programs do not implement row-by-
row processing: Implement bulk collect for performance.
Customisations code review (1/2)
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59 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Make sure exception handling is properly adressed, as
data corruption are a more serious matter than
performance.
Customisations code review (2/2)
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60 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Performance
• Use applicative parallelism
• Use SQL Tuning Advisor for quickwin advise
• Consider RAC to increase the workload throughput
• Use partitioning (XLA, eTAX)
• Leverage native and lightweight Grid monitoring
• Use RUEI for end-user real performance analysis
• Have your customizations code reviewed by experts
Summary
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61 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Q&A
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62 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability
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63 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
“Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong.”
Murphy’s Law
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64 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability
The Register, January 2012
Tieto, a prominent Swedish IT service supplier, had a storage
array fail on 25 November, causing five days of chaos …
...SBAB bank was heavily affected, despite having a 99.8%
uptime agreement with Tieto
The stoppage was caused by failures in a storage array and
compounded by an inadequate disaster recovery plan
involving tape backup files which could not be read.
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/01/13/tieto_emc_crash/
http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2012/01/16/tieto_vnx5700/
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65 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability
• Site outage due to natural disaster (fire, flood, fire, etc)
• Site outage due to failure (power outage, A/C outage)
• Local outage
– Planned maintenance (operating system or database upgrade)
– Faulty component (memory, CPU)
– Data corruption
– Bug
– Human error
Requirements
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66 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability
Adressing both planned and unplanned downtime
Flexible
Maintenance
and
Migrations
Media and
Storage
Failures
Human or
Application
Error
Database,
System,
Cluster, Site,
and
Geographic
Outages
Server
Failure
• Storage failure
•Data recovery
•Backups
Automatic
Storage
Management
Recovery
Manager
(RMAN),
Oracle Secure
Backup
ACFS
• Server failure
• Instance failure
• Server failure
•Rolling maintenance
•Active-Active: performance scale-out
MiddleWare
Clustering
Oracle RAC
• Fast point-in-time recovery
•Granular repair of logical corruptions
• Transaction
• Table
•Database
Flashback •Database failure
• System failure
• Site failure
• Zero data loss
•Automatic failover
•Best data protection
•Database rolling upgrade
•Offload read-only workload and backups
Active Data Guard
• Flexible maintenance
•Heterogeneous migrations
• Schema migration
•Bi-directional and multi-master replication
• Zero downtime maintenance
GoldenGate
EBS 12.2
•Online Patching
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67 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability
MAA Target Architecture
Primary Site
Oracle
RAC and
ASM
Disaster Recovery Site
Oracle Data Guard
Oracle
Database
Oracle
Standby
Database
Database Tier Oracle
RAC and
ASM
Application Tier
HA Storage
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68 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability
MAA Target Architecture: Database
Primary Site Disaster Recovery Site
Real Application Clusters
& ClusterwareFault Tolerant
Server Scale-Out
Data GuardFully Active
Failover Replica
FlashbackCorrect Errors by
Moving Back in Time
Automatic Storage
ManagementFault Tolerant
Storage Scale-Out
Recovery Manager &
Oracle Secure BackupLow Cost High Performance
Data Protection and Archival
Database Servers Database Servers
Storage Storage
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69 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability
MAA Target Architecture: Apps Tier Hardware Load BalancersRedundant Configuration
Application Tier
Database Tier
Multiple Web ServersLoad Balanced
Parallel Concurrent ProcessingFault tolerant batch processing
Database or Application Tier
Multiple Forms ServersLoad Balanced
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70 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability
A better alternative than other (former) cold failover (ex
HACMP over GPFS)
• ASM Compatible
• Same tools, interface, processes than RAC multi-nodes
• Not manual steps required after a failover.
RAC One node
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71 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability
Active DataGuard
NetworkBroker
ProductionDatabase
Logical StandbyDatabase Open for
Reports
SQLApply
Transform Redo to SQL
Physical StandbyDatabase
DIGITAL DATA STORAGE
DIGITAL DATA STORAGE
Backup
Redo Apply
Sync or Async Redo Shipping
Madrid
Paris
Milano
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72 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability Active DataGuard
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73 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Maximum Availability
Log Buffer
Online Logs
Archive Logs
Flashback Logs
Control Files
Data Files
SYSTEM
USER
TEMP
UNDO
Primary Database Standby Database
Data Guard
Oracle Apply
& Validation
End-to-end validation
Storage agnostic
Automatic block repair
Real-time reporting
No data or storage
type restrictions
Strong isolation
Detect silent corruption
Active Dataguard vs Storage Mirroring
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Maximum Availability
Primary Volumes Target Volumes Network I/O
7X more
network volume
27X more
network I/Os
No Oracle validation
Poor isolation
Idle standby
systems
Log Buffer
Online Logs
Archive Logs
Flashback Logs
Control Files
Data Files
SYSTEM
USER
TEMP
UNDO
Active Dataguard vs Storage Mirroring
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Maximum Availability
• Its limitation in term of report types supported were so
limited than it is not really usable.
Active DataGuard for reporting
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Maximum Availability
• Use DataGuard/Snapshot Standy to keep fresh d – 1
pre-prod environmnent to reproduce production issues.
Active DataGuard and Snapshot Standby
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Maximum Availability
• Deploying Oracle GoldenGate to Achieve Operational
Reporting for Oracle E-Business Suite.(Doc ID 1112325.1)
GoldenGate
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Maximum Availability
• R12.2 is around the corner with hot patching capabilities
• This was the missing piece for a full MAA capabilities
R12.2 w/ Online Patching
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Maximum Availability
Be the first to know
Don’t forget Monitoring
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80 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Availability
Consider …
• RAC for hardware failure
• Active DataGuard for
– site outage
– reporting or pivot
• Flashback for human or application error
• Moving to R12.2 to benefits from online patching
• Goldengate for database migration
Summary
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81 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
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82 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Automatic Storage Management (ASM) has been
introduced with 10gR2 to simplify the database files
management
• Can be administered from
– Grid Control
– asmca (GUI interface)
– asmcmd (command line interface)
– SQL*Plus
Automatic Storage Management
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83 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• ORA-1653 cannot allocate extent of size x in tablespace y
• The number of occurrence of this error means it is time
to move on to Automatic Management with easier to
maintain syntax and lower maintenance cost: SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE apps_ts_data
DATAFILE ‘+DG_DATA’ SIZE 200G
;
Automatic Storage Management: ORA-01653
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84 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Still creating 2Gb datafile?
• Specify your datafiles bigfile, autoextend, and monitor
the expansion growth of your ASM datagroup using the
Cloud Control SQL> CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE apps_ts_index
DATAFILE ‘+DG_DATA‘ SIZE 100G
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
AUTOEXTEND ON;
Automatic Storage Management: Datafiles management
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85 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Need disk space?
• Expose a new LUN to the disk group.
• ASM will automatically balance the existing datafiles to
take into account the newly added disk group members
Automatic Storage Management: Disk Management (1/2)
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86 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Need to replace storage?
• Connect the new storage
• Expose the new LUNs to the disk group
• Delete the old LUNs from the disk group
• Wait for the ASM load balancing to finish
• Remove the old storage
Automatic Storage Management: Disk Management (2/2)
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87 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
Automatic Storage Management: Grid Control View (1/2)
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88 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
Automatic Storage Management: Grid Control View (2/2)
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89 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Noticable storage increase from 11i to R12.x
– Subledger Accounting Architecture
– E-Business Tax
• Government Regulations (Sarbanes-Oxley, etc) with
requirements to keep online years of accounting or
transactional data
Advanced Compression
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90 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Index Compression (8i)
• Table Compression (9iR2)
• Advanced Compression (11gR1)
• Advanced Compression further enhancements (11gR2)
• Hybrid Columnar Compression (11gR2 w/Exadata)
Advanced Compression: Background
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91 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
Also new with Advanced Compression
• DataGuard network compression
• Datapump compression
• RMAN backup compression
• SecureFiles compression
Advanced Compression: Background
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92 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Works by eliminating duplicate column values in leaf
index blocks
• Limitation:
– Does not work on single-column unique indexes
Advanced Compression: Index Compression (1/2)
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93 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
SQL> ALTER INDEX gl.gl_balances_n3 REBUILD NOCOMPRESS;
Index altered.
SQL> SELECT bytes/1024 FROM dba_segments WHERE segment_name='GL_BALANCES_N3';
BYTES/1024
----------
172416
SQL> VALIDATE INDEX gl.gl_balances_n3;
Index analyzed.
SQL> SELECT name, blocks, lf_blks, br_blks, opt_cmpr_count, opt_cmpr_pctsave FROM index_stats;
NAME BLOCKS LF_BLKS BR_BLKS OPT_CMPR_COUNT OPT_CMPR_PCTSAVE
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ----------------
GL_BALANCES_N3 21552 21293 54 2 38
SQL> ALTER INDEX gl.gl_balances_n3 REBUILD COMPRESS;
Index altered.
SQL> SELECT bytes/1024 FROM dba_segments WHERE segment_name='GL_BALANCES_N3';
BYTES/1024
----------
106240
Advanced Compression: Index Compression (2/2)
Reduction from 172Mb to 106Mb (39%)
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94 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Data is compressed at the database block level
• 2 methods of compression (11gR2)
– BASIC (or “DIRECT_LOAD OPERATIONS”)
• Compression during bulk load operations (Direct Load, Create Table as
Select)
• Data modified using conventional DML not compressed
– OLTP (or “FOR ALL OPERATIONS”)
Advanced Compression: Table Compression (1/2)
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95 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
SQL> SELECT bytes/1024
FROM dba_segments
WHERE segment_name = 'XLA_DISTRIBUTION_LINKS'
AND partition_name = 'AP';
BYTES/1024
----------
727424
SQL>ALTER TABLE xla.xla_distribution_links MOVE PARTITION ap COMPRESS FOR ALL OPERATIONS;
Table altered.
SQL>SELECT bytes/1024
FROM dba_segments
WHERE segment_name = 'XLA_DISTRIBUTION_LINKS'
AND partition_name = 'AP';
BYTES/1024
----------
142976
Advanced Compression: Table Compression (2/2)
Reduction fron 727M to 142Mb (divide by 5)
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96 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Reduces storage consumption by a 2-3 factor
– Savings cascades into pre-prod, test, uat, dev
• Enhances Memory and Network Efficiency
• db sequentiel reads reduction
• Full table scan performance improvement
• Moderate variation in CPU consumption (from -7% to
+6%)
Advanced Compression: Other benefits
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97 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Use advisor to estimate space saving
– dbms_comp_advisor.getratio (9i to 11gR1)
– dbms_compression.get_compression_ratio (11gR2)
• Focus tables compression first on largest tables or tables
that contributes the most on I/O, eg:
– XLA_DISTRIBUTION_LINES
– XLA_AE_LINES
– GL_JE_LINES
– GL_IMPORT_REFERENCES
Advanced Compression: Best practices (1/3)
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98 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Exclude heavily accessed tables
– FND_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS
• Focus index compression on largest indexes first
• Indexes with repeating keys will offer the best
compression ratio
• Do not compress all indexes from a given table
– Validate indexes to check both the optimum number of columns
to compress and the compression ratio
– Compress the index that show the most significant ratio
Advanced Compression: Best practices (2/3)
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99 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Index partitions are good candidates
• Consider increasing INITRANS if significant ITL Waits
are observed in v$waitstat or in AWR
• Establish SQL Plan baseline to anticipate on possible
SQL Plan regressions
Advanced Compression: Best practices (3/3)
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100 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Compressed ~260 tables, ~1600 indexes, ~28 LOBS
using 11g SecureFiles
• Average overall storage saving: 3x
– Table compression 4x
– Index compression 2x
– LOB compression 2.3x
• Reduced database size from 18Tb to 11Tb
Advanced Compression: Case Study Global Internal Instance (1/2)
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101 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• 11 environments (primary, standby, tests, etc)
• 7 Tb saved per environment
• 3-ways storage (online, mirror, backup)
• Total saving: 11*7*3 = 231Tb
Advanced Compression: Case Study Global Internal Instance (2/2)
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102 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability Advanced Compression: Higlas – OOW (11i)
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103 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Data is grouped by column and then compressed using specified mode.
• Query Mode for data warehousing – Optimized for speed
– 10X compression is typical
– Full scans improved proportionally
• Archival Mode for infrequently accessed data – Optimized to reduce space
– 15X compression is typical
– Up to 50x performance
Hybrid Columnar Compression
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104 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• OLTP Compression
Overall 3.6
Largest Table 4x
• Query High
Overall 15x
Largest Table x35
• Archive High
Overall 23x
Largest Table x52
Hybrid Columnar Compression: Global Internal Instance
10 10 10 1116
19 19 19 20 21
29
43
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Siz
e R
ed
ucti
on
Facto
r b
y T
ab
le
OLTP Compression (avg=3.3)
Query Compression (avg=14.6)
Archive Compression (avg=22.6)
Up to 52x reduction in table size
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105 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Manageability
• Covered by Jean Baptiste M
ApplicationsTesting Suite
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106 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
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107 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
“If you spend more on coffee than on IT security, then
you will be hacked…
…what's more, you deserve to be hacked!.”
Richard Clarke Special Advisor to the President
Cyberspace Security
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108 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• CreditCard Data
• Bank account number
• Compensation
• Employment details
• Nationality / Citizenship
• Health Information
• Personal information
• Passwords
• etc…
What, where are the sensitive EBS data
• Standard tables
• Flexfields
• Backup tables
• Interface tables
• Interface files
• Customized tables
• Logfiles
• Audit and session tables
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109 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
Target of data breaches
Type Category % Breaches % Records
Database Server Servers & Applications 25% 92%Desktop Computer End-User Devices 21% 1%
2010 Data Breach
Investigations Report
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110 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Application Database Administrators
Data Must Be Protected in depth
Application Users
Botware
MalwareKey Loggers Espionage
Phishing
SQL Injection
Social Engineering
Web Users
Security Existing protection is not enough!
Data Must Be Protected in depth
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111 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
Database Firewall
Data Masking
TDE Tablespace Encryption
Audit Vault
Database Vault
Transparent Data Encryption
Proxy Authentication
Fine Grained Auditing
Oracle Label Security
Enterprise User Security
Virtual Private Database (VPD)
Database Encryption API
Strong Authentication
Native Network Encryption
Database Auditing
Oracle Database Security: Continus Innovation
Oracle7
Oracle8i
Oracle Database 9i
Oracle Database 10g
Oracle Database 11g
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112 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security Maximum Security Architecture
Financials
HR
iStore Applications Block
Log
Allow
Alert
Substitute
Network SQL
Monitoring
and Blocking
Sensitive
Confidential
Public
Audit
consolidation
Encrypted
Backups
Encrypted
Database
Encrypted
Exports
Data
Masking
Local DBA Privilege Mis-Use
DB Consolidation Security
Unauthorized Local Activity
Monitoring SQL
Encrypt
Control Access
Audit
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113 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Allow security Administrator to restrict areas from users, including priviledged users
• Prevent application by-pass
• Enforce who, where, when, and how using rules and factors User Factors: Name, Authentication type, Proxy Enterprise Identity
Network Factors: Machine name, IP, Network Protocols
Database Factors: IP, Instance, Hostname, SID
Runtime Factors: Date, Time
Database Vault
Procurement
HR
Finance
Application
select * from iby.iby_ext_bank_accounts
DBA
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114 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Administration, monitoring and reporting provided from
– Database control
– Grid Control with restrictions
– Database Vault Administrator console
– PL/SQL API (dbms_macadm)
Database Vault
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115 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security Database Vault: My Oracle Support
- Oracle Support Document 1091083.1 (Integrating Oracle
E-Business Suite Release 12 with Oracle Database
Vault 11gR2).
- Oracle Database Vault Administrator’s Guide 11gR2
E23090-04
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116 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security Database Firewall: What is SQL Injection (1/4)
• (Mis)users subvert the application to access to the database
• (Custom) Applications not designed defensively
• (Custom) Applications are given high levels of privilege
Application
SELECT * from stock
where
catalog-no =
'' union select cardNo, customerId, 0 from Orders --'
and location = 1
Bad
SELECT * from stock where
catalog-no =
'PHE8131'
and location = 1 Good
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117 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security Database Firewall: What is SQL Injection (2/4)
Parameters for SQL come from user input, for example from web browser. The application layer accepts the values for catalog-no and location (‘PHE8131’, ‘1’) and pastes them into the pre-canned query template. SELECT * from stock where catalog-no = ' ' and location =
Star Trek - The Next Generation Season 2 39.35 15
Star Trek - The Next Generation Season 3 39.35 12
Star Trek - The Next Generation Season 4 39.35 13
Star Trek - The Next Generation Season 5 39.35 17
PHE8131 1
Description Price # in Stock
Output:
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118 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security Database Firewall: What is SQL Injection (3/4)
Instead of inputting a normal value for catalog-no, the user enters
' union select cardNo,
4511222233334444 11853 0
4612345678901234 11853 0
4675883388338833 11588 0
4514861356415750 11204 0
customerId, 0 from Orders --
SELECT * from stock where catalog-no = ' .
' and location =
' union select cardNo, customerId, 0 from Orders --
Description Price # in Stock
Payment
Card
details
The database receives the following query
Output
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119 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security Database Firewall: What is SQL Injection (4/4)
' union select cardNo,
customerId, 0 from
Orders --
Payment Card
details exposed!
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120 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Applications Block
Log
Allow
Alert
Substitute
Security
• Monitor database activity on the network
• Prevent • SQL Injection
• Unauthorized database activity,
• Miuse of database privilege
• Capture and log database interactions for forensic analysis and compliance reporting
Database Firewall: First line of defense
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White List
Applications
Block
Allow
Security
• Black-list and White-list based policies enforce normal or expected behavior
• Policies evaluate factors such as time, day, network, and application
• Easily generate white-lists for any application
• Out of policy SQL statements can be logged, alerted, blocked or substituted
Database Firewall: Policies based model enforcement
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122 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Full Activity Report
• Database Administration
• Active Users
• Differential Audit
• Data Modification Detail and much more
Database Firewall: Compliance Reporting
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123 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Anyone having access at the OS level to the database
files can read any unencrypted data
• Oracle Advanced Security proposes two methods to
protect data at rest: – Column encryption
– Tablespace Encryption
• TDE can also be used with Oracle RMAN to encrypt
entire database backups to disk.
• Transparent for all applications
Transparent Data Encryption
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124 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security Transparent Data Encryption: My Oracle Support
- Oracle Support Document 828229.1 (Using TDE
Tablespace Encryption with Oracle E-Business Suite
Release 12)
- Oracle Database Advanced Security Administrator’s
Guide 11gR2 E10746-03
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125 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• The act of anonymizing customer, financial, or company-confidential data to
create new, legible data that retains the data's properties, such as its width,
type, and format
• To protect confidential data in non-production environments when the data
is shared with non-production users without revealing sensitive information
Data Masking: What is this? Production Non-Production
LAST_NAME SSN SALARY
DUPONT 203-33-3234 40,000
DURANT 323-22-2943 60,000
LAST_NAME SSN SALARY
ANEL 111-23-1111 70,000
BEBEL 222-34-1345 40,000
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126 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Used in conjunction with cloning
• Create irreversibly scrambled versions of your
production DB for testing & development
Data Masking: Using EM
Production
Clone
Staging
Mask
Clone
Test
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127 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• E-Business Suite Masking Template
– Metadata for the EM Masking tool
– Columns, Relationships, and Masking rules for PII and Sensitive
attributes for E-Business Suite products
• 950 Columns
– 65% HCM - Payroll, Employment Details, Personal Info
• Also TCA, ATG, Financials, Projects…
• Not split out by product or family
– De-identification needs to be done across the database
Data Masking: EBS Masking templates
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128 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• De-Identify the data
– Scramble identifiers of individuals (PII) – Name, account, address,
location, drivers license…
• Mask sensitive data that, if associated with PII, would cause privacy
concerns
• Compensation
• Health
• Employment Information
• Maintain Data Validity not to break applications
Data Masking: What is being masked
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129 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Financial data
– Results
– Forecasts
• Unstructured data
– Descriptive Flex Fields (user extensible content)
– Except where we know the content
• Notes
• Attachments
Data Masking: What is not being masked
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130 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Key Drivers – Regulatory Compliance (SOX, PCI, Privacy, …)
• Risk assessment and compensating controls
• Demonstrate controls for compliance
– Security
• Detect misuse of privileges
• Key Requirements – Collect Audit trail data from many audit silos
– Automate review of the audit trail logs, and raise alerts
– Centralize audit policy management
– Secure the audit trail (Priviledged account may be mis-used to manipulate native audit trail or
syslog)
– Minimize performance impact on production systems
Audit Vault: The need for auditing
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131 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Automates the collection and consolidation of audit data
to support regulatory compliance and reduce security
risks.
• Provides
– compliance and entitle reports,
– alert notifications,
– centralized audit policy management.
• Works out of the box with e-Business Suite and other
packaged applications: no setup required
Audit Vault
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Security
Two components:
• One central and standalone Audit Vault server
• A set of Audit Vault collection agents
Audit Vault: EBS Integration
CRM Data
ERP Data
Databases
HR Data
Audit
Data
Policies
Built-in
Reports
Alerts
Custom
Reports
!
Auditor
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Security
Audit Vault: Out of the box Audit Reports
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136 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Out-of-the-box reports
– Privileged user activity
– Access to sensitive data
– Role grants
– DDL activity
– Login/logout
• User-defined reports
– What privileged users did on the financial database?
– What user ‘A’ did across multiple databases?
– Who accessed sensitive data?
• Custom reports
Audit Vault: Out of the box Audit Reports
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Security
• Audit Vault Dashboard
– Enterprise overview
– Alerts and Reports
– Administration
– Audit Policies
• Audit Vault Policies
– Provision database audit settings centrally for compliance policies
– Collection of audit settings on the databases
– Compare against existing audit settings on source
– Demonstrate compliance
Audit Vault: Manageability
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138 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security Audit Vault: My Oracle Support
- Oracle Support Document 1199033.1 Master Note for
Oracle Audit Vault)
- Oracle Audit Vault Administrator’s Guide 10.3 E23571-05
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139 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security Network Security
- Consider implementing the Oracle Net valid node
checking in sqlnet.ora from your database server: tcp.invited_nodes = ebs-ap01, ebsap02
- Implement Oracle Advanced Security to encrypt the
network traffic between the app tier(s) and the database
servers
- Benefits from hardware acceleration on some platforms
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140 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security Network Security: My Oracle Support
- Oracle Database Advanced Security Administrator’s
Guide 11gR2 E10746-03
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Security Apps schema protection: Case study
Anything wrong here?
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142 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Restrict the use of APPS schema to the Application DBA
only
• Create read-only schema for query and troubleshooting
Apps schema protection: Best practices
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143 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• See Oracle E-Business Suite R12 Configuration in a
DMZ (Doc ID 380490.1)
DMZ Setup
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144 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Lock down your apps account
• Create a read-only schema
• Consider Database Firewall to protect against SQL
injection (and more)
• Leverage Database Vault for separation of duties
• Scramble your data during cloning
• Encrypt your data, not only in the data but in all
directions
Summary (1/2)
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145 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Security
• Consider Audit Vault for reporting
• Consider Oracle Advanced Security to encrypt the
network traffic
Summary (2/2)
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146 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Product Certification
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Certification EBS Certification to date
• 11i.10.2 is certified with database up to 11.2.0.3
• R12.0.6 is certified with database to 11.2.0.3
• R12.1.3 is certified with database to 11.2.0.3
• R12.2 may ship with 11.2.0.3
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Certification Database Roadmap
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Q&A
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150 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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