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Contact Information:

Dr. Howard J. Singer, ChiefScience and Technology Infusion BranchNOAA Space Environment Center325 BroadwayBoulder, CO 80305

303-497-6959303-497-5388howard.singer@noaa.gov

Background: GOES Solar X-ray Image

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Serving Society with GOES-R Solar and Space Environment Data

Outline:• GOES and Crucial Role for Space Weather• GOES Space Environment Monitor (SEM) Services• GOES-R SEM Instruments and Status• GOES-R SEM Vision for New Products and Services• Global Earth and Solar Space Environment Observations and Conclusions

AMS 2006 Annual MeetingSecond GOES-R/NPOESS Sympoisum Atlanta, GAFebruary 1, 2006

H. J. Singer, S. Hill, T. Onsager, R. Viereck and D. BieseckerNOAA Space Environment Center

Background Photo: GOES Solar X-ray Image

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NOAA POES

NOAA GOES

NASA ACE

NASA SOHO

L1

Monitor, Measure and Specify:

Data for Today’s Space Weather

• ACE (NASA)– Solar wind speed, density,

temperature and energetic particles

– Magnetic field strength and direction

• SOHO (NASA)– Solar EUV Images– Solar Corona (CMEs)

• GOES (NOAA)– Energetic Particles– Magnetic Field– Solar X-ray Flux– Solar EUV Flux– Solar X-Ray Images

• POES (NOAA)– High Energy Particles– Total Energy Deposition– Solar UV Flux

• Ground Sites– Magnetometers (NOAA/USGS)– Thule Riometer and Neutron

monitor (USAF)– SOON Sites (USAF)– RSTN (USAF)– Telescopes and Magnetographs– Ionosondes (AF, ISES, …)– GPS (CORS)

GOES Measurements Unique and Crucial

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Space Weather Scales

Three Categories: data they are based on and example users• Geomagnetic Storms (Ground-based magnetic field) Power Utilities, GPS Users, Spacecraft operations

• Solar Radiation Storms (GOES > 10 MeV particles) Astronaut Safety Airline Communication

• Radio Blackouts (GOES Solar X-rays) Airline and Maritime HF Comm.

Two of the threeSpace Weather Scales

depend on GOES http://sec.noaa.gov

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Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS)• Energetic Particle Sensors monitor solar, galactic and in situ electron, proton, and alpha particle fluxes • Lower energy electrons and protons begin on GOES N• Heavy Ions begin on GOES-R• Completed formulation; implementation phase in source selection

Magnetometer (MAG)• Monitors Earth’s time-varying vector magnetic field• Included in spacecraft formulation

Solar Imaging Suite (SIS)• X-Ray Sensor (XRS) monitors whole-Sun x-ray brightness in two bands• Solar EUV Sensor (EUVS) to monitor whole-Sun EUV irradiance in five bands first on GOES N• Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) monitors solar flares, coronal holes, active regions… first on GOES 12• Formulation phase nearing completion• Coronagraph (SCOR) –GOES-R Pre-Planned Product Improvement (not yet manifested)

GOES-R: NOAA’s Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

Space Environment Monitor (SEM) Instrumentation Status

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The following viewgraphs provide a vision of proposed

“New Products to Serve Society in the GOES-R Era”

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Relativistic Electron Specification Throughout Inner Magnetosphere: >2 MeV Electron Flux

Current Product

One value at GOES-EastOne value at GOES-West

5 minute cadence

New Product

Utilize data and models to specify radial band at all longitudes

3-D grid to low altitudes5 minute cadence

Benefit: Improved specification of the satellite-charging environment at all longitudes (GEO) and in MEO and LEO, and improved specification of human radiation hazard at International Space Station.

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Magnetic Field Specification in the Inner Magnetosphere

Current Product

One value of field at GOES-EastOne value of field at GOES-West

0.5 s cadence, accuracy uncertainties

New Product

Improved accuracy, extrapolation to other geosynchronous locations, and

new guidance for forecasters.

Benefit: Current product accuracy limited because satellite is spin stabilized and because only two locations are monitored. New product will specify more accurate field and extend to other satellite locations in geosynchronous orbit. Needed for energetic particle trajectories and assessment of geomagnetic disturbances.

Magnetometers measure the magnitude and direction of Earth’s magnetic field and its variability at geosynchronous orbit. The field is sampled at 2 Hz (threshold) 8 Hz (goal).

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GOES-R Solar EUV Sensor

• Solar EUV irradiance is a primary source of energy for the upper atmosphere and ionosphere

– Affects satellite drag

– Affects radio communication

– Affects radio navigation

• GOES NOP EUV sensor will be the first operational monitor of the solar EUV irradiance

• GOES-R EUV products will be an improvement by…

– Combination of observations and modeling

– Providing much higher spectral resolution

– Providing better accuracy and precision

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GOES-R X-Ray Sensor• Solar X-ray flare observations

– Impact the ionosphere and disrupt radio communications

– Related to precursors of space weather storms.

• The value of the XRS is that it continues the same observation that has been made for nearly 30 years.

• New science applied to the XRS data set will provide new and improved products.

– Combining GOES and POES data will improve the D-Region Absorption product

– Advances in science will improve the ability to use X-ray data to predict energetic proton events

D-Region Absorption Product Combinging GOES and POES data

Proton Probability Product Using X-ray Temperature Data from GOES

D-Region Absorption Product for

HF Propagation

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GOES-R Solar X-Ray Imager (SXI )

GOES-R SXI images (Simulated using of SOHO EIT data, a joint NASA/ESA

research program).

GOES R SXI Potential Product Improvements

Automated Coronal Hole Detection and Tracking

Improved synergy with XRS products

Pre-flare signature detection

Integration into numerical space weather models

GOES R SXI will:

Increase dynamic range

Double sensitivity

Improve spatial resolution

GOES-12 SXI images.

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P3I CoronagraphGeomagnetic Storm Forecast Product

Now NASA/ESA SOHO Research Coronagraph observes Coronal Mass Ejections (CME’s) Not always real-time, beyond lifetime, no automated tools.

GOES-R

Instrument Status

CME Detected?

Earth Directed?

Arrival Time: Oct 30 07:30

Earliest Arr:

Latest Arr:

Oct 30 02:45

Oct 30 12:15

Storm Intensity: Kp = 6

9±3 hoursStorm Duration:

Comments:

A place for forecasters to addcommentsSave

Image Latency < 15mins

Confidence > 90%

Halo: Asymmetry=30%

Automated algorithms with imagery and text displayed for forecaster guidance.

GOES-R view simulated from SOHO LASCO

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TerrestrialWeather

Coasts

Oceans

SpaceWeather

Fresh Water

Soil Moisture

Estuaries

Air Quality

Atmosphere

SnowPack

Environmental Services

Space weather observations are integrated into NOSA,including GOES observations that contribute to the global

Earth and Solar observations used in NOAA’s operations to continuously specify and forecast conditions in the space

environment.

NOAA Observing Systems Architecture (NOSA) and Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS)

NOAA is focused on building “an integrated global environmental observation and datamanagement system”—an Earth observation system that is comprehensive and sustained.

Design observing systems that support NOAA's mission and provide maximum value.