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Consumer Exposure Assessment at Consumer Exposure Assessment at the U.S. Environmental Protection the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency:Agency:AAccomplishments and Opportunities for ccomplishments and Opportunities for

Global CollaborationGlobal Collaboration

Thomas Brennan and Susan Hazen

US EPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances

International Society of Exposure AnalysisStresa, Italy September 2003

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Questions About ExposureQuestions About Exposure

• What is the source of the contaminant?

• Is the contaminant available when the exposure occurs?

• What is the population potential exposed?

• What are the potential exposures and potential dose rates for the population of interest?

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Questions About ExposureQuestions About Exposure

• What is the concentration, fate, and transport in the environment?

• What is the frequency, magnitude, and duration of exposure?

• What are the limitation, uncertainties, biases associated with the

assessment?

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Guidelines for Exposure AssessmentGuidelines for Exposure Assessment

• Describe the general concepts of Describe the general concepts of exposure assessment;exposure assessment;

• Including definitions and units;Including definitions and units;

• How to plan and conduct an How to plan and conduct an exposure assessment; and,exposure assessment; and,

• How to present the results of an How to present the results of an exposure assessment and exposure assessment and characterize uncertainty.characterize uncertainty.

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Dermal Exposure Assessment Dermal Exposure Assessment Principals and ApplicationsPrincipals and Applications

• Provides the principles of dermal absorption;Provides the principles of dermal absorption;

• How to apply these principles to dermal How to apply these principles to dermal exposure for water, air and soil scenarios;exposure for water, air and soil scenarios;

• Summarizes experimental values of dermal Summarizes experimental values of dermal absorption;absorption;

• Recommended predictive structural-activity Recommended predictive structural-activity correlations for pollutants in aqueous media correlations for pollutants in aqueous media and in air. and in air.

• For dermal exposure to soil, several approaches For dermal exposure to soil, several approaches are suggested.are suggested.

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Exposure Factors HandbookExposure Factors HandbookProvides statistical data on various factors used Provides statistical data on various factors used

in assessing human exposure, including:in assessing human exposure, including:

• Drinking water consumption; Drinking water consumption;

• Soil ingestion;Soil ingestion;

• Inhalation rates;Inhalation rates;

• Dermal factors such as skin area and soil Dermal factors such as skin area and soil adherence factors;adherence factors;

• Food consumption; and,Food consumption; and,

• Human activity factors.Human activity factors.

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Consolidated Human Activities Consolidated Human Activities Database (CHAD)Database (CHAD)• Contains data obtained from pre-Contains data obtained from pre-

existing human activity studies existing human activity studies collected at city, state, and national collected at city, state, and national levels.levels.

• Provides input data for Provides input data for exposure/intake dose modeling exposure/intake dose modeling and/or statistical analysis.and/or statistical analysis.

• Two versions available: on-line; and Two versions available: on-line; and PC version.PC version.

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Exposure Assessment Tools and Exposure Assessment Tools and Models Web SiteModels Web Site

• Several exposure assessment methods, Several exposure assessment methods, databases and predictive models.databases and predictive models.

• E-FAST;E-FAST;

• WPEM; and,WPEM; and,

• MCCEM.MCCEM.

www.epa.gov/opptintr/exposurewww.epa.gov/opptintr/exposure

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EPA’s Exposure & Fate Assessment EPA’s Exposure & Fate Assessment Screening Tool (E-FAST)Screening Tool (E-FAST)

• Developed by the US EPA – TSCA Developed by the US EPA – TSCA New Chemicals Program.New Chemicals Program.

• Assesses use of consumer products Assesses use of consumer products within a residence.within a residence.

• Both dermal and inhalation pathways Both dermal and inhalation pathways of exposure are evaluated.of exposure are evaluated.

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Wall Paints Exposure Model Wall Paints Exposure Model (WPEM)(WPEM)• Developed by the US EPA.Developed by the US EPA.• Consumer and occupational Consumer and occupational

potential exposure to the chemicals potential exposure to the chemicals emitted from wall paint.emitted from wall paint.

• Assesses oil-based (alkyd) and latex Assesses oil-based (alkyd) and latex wall paints.wall paints.

• Can be used to assess exposures in Can be used to assess exposures in single family homes, apartments, and single family homes, apartments, and industrial settings.industrial settings.

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Multi-Chamber Concentration and Multi-Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM)Exposure Model (MCCEM)

• Developed by the US EPA.Developed by the US EPA.• Higher Tier Tool for inhalation Higher Tier Tool for inhalation

exposure analysis.exposure analysis.• Much more user control compared to Much more user control compared to

the E-FAST model.the E-FAST model.• MCCEM can be used to evaluate MCCEM can be used to evaluate

consumer products as well as consumer products as well as materials such as carpets, furniture, materials such as carpets, furniture, and building materials. and building materials.

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Pesticide Inert Risk Assessment Tool Pesticide Inert Risk Assessment Tool (PIRAT)(PIRAT)

Human exposure and risk to pesticide inert Human exposure and risk to pesticide inert ingredients in the residential setting. This ingredients in the residential setting. This will include:will include:

• Indoor and outdoor;Indoor and outdoor;• Dermal, inhalation, and incidental oral Dermal, inhalation, and incidental oral

exposure scenarios;exposure scenarios;• Risk from application and post-Risk from application and post-

application;application;• Multiple formulations; and,Multiple formulations; and,• Adults and children.Adults and children.

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OPPTS International ToolboxOPPTS International Toolbox

• Developed by EPA’s Office of Developed by EPA’s Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances as part of our international Substances as part of our international commitment to protecting human health commitment to protecting human health and improving the environment.and improving the environment.

• The Toolbox is available as a CD-ROM The Toolbox is available as a CD-ROM with useful links to web sites.with useful links to web sites.

• Unique collection of data, computer Unique collection of data, computer models, and valuable information.models, and valuable information.

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OPPTS International ToolboxOPPTS International Toolbox

A resource for on-line information on sound A resource for on-line information on sound chemical managementchemical management

• Partnerships for sustainable development;Partnerships for sustainable development;

• Regulatory activities;Regulatory activities;

• Information by chemical class;Information by chemical class;

• Chemical models and databases; and,Chemical models and databases; and,

• Locations and settings.Locations and settings.

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EIS-CHEMRISKSEIS-CHEMRISKS

• Opportunities and collaboration.Opportunities and collaboration.

• Need for effective communication Need for effective communication throughout the exposure assessment throughout the exposure assessment scientific and regulatory communities.scientific and regulatory communities.

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Imageining the future of EIS Imageining the future of EIS CHEMRISKSCHEMRISKS

• Will EIS CHEMRISKS be:Will EIS CHEMRISKS be:

• A valuable and trusted resource for A valuable and trusted resource for exposure assessors?exposure assessors?

• Connected to a world wide network of global Connected to a world wide network of global exposure assessment information?exposure assessment information?

• A focal point for policy discussion regarding A focal point for policy discussion regarding global harmonization of risk assessment global harmonization of risk assessment policies?policies?