HTML. Basic HTML HTML document – HTML headings – to HTML paragraphs – HTML links – HTML images –
1 Committed to Shaping the Next Generation of IT Experts. 02: Enhancing the Web Page HTML.
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1 Committed to Shaping the Next Generation of IT Experts. 02: Enhancing the Web Page HTML
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1Committed to Shaping the Next Generation of IT
Experts.
02: Enhancing the Web Page
HTML
2
Objectives
Planning a web page Rules of creating a web page Design checklist Formatting with Cascading Style Sheets Using graphics Changing color Using tables
Planning a Web PageQuestions to ask What is the purpose of Web presentation? Who is the audience? What information am I trying to convey? How will I organization the information? How can I make it attract visitors?
Structure of Web PageRules of Thumb Consistent layout for each page One topic per page Keep pages short so scrolling not
necessary Avoid large graphics at the top
(Takes too long to load)
Design Checklist
Be brief Be clear Use simple language Check spelling & grammar Try out presentation in more than one
browser
Use Features to Tie it all Together
Use Lists or menus Avoid links that are not relevant Use consistent terms & icons Use same banner or logo on each page Use consistent layout Use return link to home page on all pages Make sure links are current
More Features to Tie it all Together
Avoid graphics that are not relevant Include alternative text with every graphic Each page should be able to stand alone Avoid over-emphasizing / over-formatting Contrast text from background (readability) Use horizontal lines to separate sections of
the page
Formatting withCascading Style Sheets
Styles pre-define formats Allows changes to be made quickly All styles are defined in one place Makes for Global Formatting
Changes made in one place affects all Best to put Style tag in HEAD section
Cascading Styles
Example: All Body text to be centered
<HEAD>
<STYLE type = “text/css”>
Body {text-align: center}
</STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
etc …
Defining a CLASS for Style
Class used in two places In HEAD Style definition In Body text
HEAD EXAMPLE:<STYLE type =“text/css”>
P {font-style: normal}P.it {font-style: italics}P.color {color: red}
</STYLE>
Defining a CLASS for Style(Continued) Class used in two places
In HEAD Style definition In Body text
BODY Text EXAMPLE:
<P class = “it”> This text will be in italics </P>
<P> This text is not affected <\P>
<P class = “color”> This text is red <\P>
<P> This text is not affected <\P>
HTML to Show Use of Classes
RESULTING WEB PAGE
Mixing Classes with Other Tags
Adding a Bold Tag
Inserting Pictures / Graphics
Can include universal formats .JPG (best for photographs) .GIF (most browsers accept this format)
Use <IMG> Must use SRC=“filename” attribute for source EXAMPLE:
<IMG SRC=“A:\picturename.jpg”> No closing tag
Inserting Pictures / Graphics
Can use ALT= alternate attribute to display EXAMPLE: <IMG SRC=“A:\picturename.jpg” ALT=“Company CEO”>
This will display “Company CEO” rather than the file name (“A:\picturename.jpg”)
Other attributes available are HEIGHT, WIDTH, FLOAT (causes browser to load quicker) Height & Width are measured in pixels Float defines position (Left, Right, Center)
Inserting Pictures / Graphics
EXAMPLE using Height, Width, Float
<IMG SRC=“A:\picturename.jpg” ALT=“Company CEO” HEIGHT= “200” Width = “40”>
Better to use Classes for each image size
<STYLE type=“text/css”> IMG.ceoPic1 {width: 40; height: 200; float: center}</STYLE> … body text …<IMG SRC=“A:\picturename.jpg” class=“ceoPic1” ALT=“Company CEO”>
Using a Graphic as Background
Use image as background (instead of color) EXAMPLE for BODY background
<STYLE type=“text/css”>
BODY {background-image: url (A:\classroom2.jpg)}
</STYLE>
Image should be light in color for better reading of page
RESULT of Classroom as background
Result of using a small picture as a background
(Browser tiles the image and repeats it to cover background)
Changing Text Color
Can change color of different text types <P> <BODY> <H1>, <H2>, etc.
Can change color of hypertext links Can change color of visited links Can change color of active links
Common Colors
COLOR HEX EQUIVALENTRed #FF0000
Green #00FF00Blue #0000FFBlack #000000White #FFFFFFTan #DEB887
Turquoise #19CCDFMagenta #FF00FFYellow #FFFF00
To Insert Special CharactersYou can use Name or Code
CHARACTER NAME CODE
© © ©
® ® ®
È È È
¥ ¥ ¥
£ £ £
> > >
< < <
& & &Must use Name or Code for “<“ because HTML uses that for start of a tag
IF A < B would be coded: IF A < B or IF A < B
Inline Styles
Used rarely – Single style definition is preferable
Used when a style is to be used only once How it works:<H1> <B style=“font-size: 48”> L</B>ove </H1>
Would produce: Love
Using Tables
To better organize data for user Columns and rows (intersection is a cell) Data placed in cells Table contents are between:
<TABLE>
and
</TABLE>
tags
Table Syntax
Start each row with:
<TR> tag
End each row with:
</TR> tag
Everything between these tags will appear in one row
Table Syntax
<TABLE>
<TR>
… text in First row
</TR>
<TR>
… text in Second row
</TR>
</TABLE>
Table Syntax
Use the <TH> and </TH> tags for column head Will make contents BOLD for Col. Headings EXAMPLE:<TABLE>
<TR>
<TH> Qty </TH>
<TH> Price </TH>
<TH> Cost </TH>
</TR>
Will create: Qty Price Cost
Table Syntax
Use the <TD> and </TD> tags for column data<TABLE>
<TR>
<TH> Qty </TH>
<TH> Price </TH>
<TH> Cost </TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>$10.00</TD>
<TD>$40.00</TD>
</TR>
Table SyntaxAdding a Border Use the <TD> and </TD> tags for column data
<TABLE BORDER=4>
<TR>
<TH> Qty </TH>
<TH> Price </TH>
<TH> Cost </TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>$10.00</TD>
<TD>$40.00</TD>
</TR>
Table SyntaxWider Border & More Spacing Use the <TD> and </TD> tags for column data
<TABLE BORDER=12 CELLSPACING=12>
<TR>
<TH> Qty </TH>
<TH> Price </TH>
<TH> Cost </TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>$10.00</TD>
<TD>$40.00</TD>
</TR>
Wider Border
More space between cells
