1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial...
-
Upload
stewart-chandler -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial...
![Page 1: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use,
territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations
No challenges stand in isolation
Ronan UhelHead, Natural Systems and Vulnerability
European Environment Agency
![Page 2: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Why is adaptation important ?Why is adaptation important ?
• Climate change cannot be totally avoided• Anticipatory adaptation can be more effective
and less costly than “retrofitting” or “emergency adaptation”
• Climate change may be more rapid and pronounced than currently known
• Immediate benefits from adaptation to current climate variability and extreme events
• Avoid maladaptive policies and practices
![Page 3: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Direct losses from weather and climate Direct losses from weather and climate related disastersrelated disasters
•The number of disastrous weather and climate related events in Europe increased by about 65% over 1998-2007 compared to the 1980s
•About 95% of economic losses caused by catastrophic events in Europe since 1980 are attributable to climate and weather. This is mainly due to socio-economic development but changing patterns of weather disasters are also drivers.
•In the second half of the century more severe effects of climate change on economic assets
![Page 4: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
![Page 5: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
In search of reactive, corrective and In search of reactive, corrective and anticipative Measures and Technologiesanticipative Measures and Technologies
‘The existence of a possible threat from
climate change in itself acts as a stimulus
to innovators, and eco-innovation may
prove the next battle ground for the
reputation of patents.’
European Patents Organisation, 2009
![Page 6: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
![Page 7: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Vulnerable sectorsVulnerable sectors
• Ecosystems and biodiversity
• Agriculture and forestry
• Water resources, flooding, water quality
• Coastal zones, marine resources, fisheries
• Tourism
• Energy (supply and demand)
• Built environment, infrastructure
• Human health
• Land management, regional planning (cross-cutting)
• Insurance services
![Page 8: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Impact, Adaptation, VulnerabilityImpact, Adaptation, Vulnerability
exposure sensitivity adaptation,adaptive capacity
impact
vulnerability
![Page 9: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Cities in the frontline...
8080%
of Europeans soon ’urban’
![Page 10: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
![Page 11: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
![Page 12: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Heat and health…Heat and health…
…up to water management up to water management
![Page 13: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
High Temperatures Range of actionsand techniques available to increase adaptivecapacity
Shaw, R., Colley, M., and Connell, R. (2007)Climate change adaptation by design: a guide for sustainable communities.TCPA, London
![Page 14: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Cool down… …Cool down… …air TREE air TREE concept!concept!
Viva Madrid
![Page 15: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
…TREE in cities…
Up to 10 C difference between peri-urban and central areas
100 m2 of trees help reduce T by 1 C
Green surfaces 10 C cooler than artificial ones
…but there is more…
![Page 16: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Intensive uptake and sealing of soil surface
![Page 17: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
...causing more damaging flash floods...causing more damaging flash floods
![Page 18: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
More control of water run offsMore control of water run offs
• Preventive measures including good housekeeping and rainwater harvesting
• Vegetated landscape features with smooth surfaces and a gentle downhill gradient to drain water evenly off impermeable surfaces
• Infiltration devices, such as soakaways, which allow water to drain directly into the ground
• Permeable and porous pavements• Basins, reed beds and ponds designed to hold
water when it rains • Green roofs and reuse of water
![Page 19: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Mimic natural processes!Mimic natural processes!
Source: UK Environment Agency
![Page 20: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Green roofing, Europe lagging behind Green roofing, Europe lagging behind
• Stormwater management, and hence potential savings since the number of drainage outlets required on a building can be reduced
• Reduced urban heat island effect by reducing building heat loss and increasing evapotranspiration
• Creating natural green spaces in urban areas bringing benefits for biodiversity
• Reduced energy consumption and fuel costs, since green roofs provide cooling in summer and thermal insulation in winter
• Reduced air pollution• Extended roof life. The green roof protects the roof’s
waterproofing membrane, almost doubling its life expectancy
Living Roofs www.livingroofs.orgGreen Roofs for healthy cities www.greenroofs.net
![Page 21: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Greening the roofs…manage water!Greening the roofs…manage water!
![Page 22: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Are cities to blame ?
Photo: Jörg Thiemann-Linden
![Page 23: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Turn urbanisation
into an opportunity !
![Page 24: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
ACE Declaration on Architecture and Sustainability:
•Change practices
•Sustainable design
•Foster environment competence
•Institutional leadership
•Interdisciplinary approaches
•Broaden service & outreach
![Page 25: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
…also streamlined responses from professionals
![Page 26: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
![Page 27: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
![Page 28: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
![Page 29: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Crop for …food…feed…fuel – All?Crop for …food…feed…fuel – All?
![Page 30: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Growing season for agricultural cropsGrowing season for agricultural crops
• A further lengthening of the growing season is projected • In western and southern Europe the limited water availability and high temperature will hinder
plant growth
• The lengths of the growing season of several agricultural crops has increased in the North, favouring the introduction of new species
• Locally in the south there is a shortening of growing season, with higher risk of damages from delayed spring frost
past
futu
re
Rate of change of crop growing Rate of change of crop growing season length 1975-2007season length 1975-2007
![Page 31: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Crop-yield variabilityCrop-yield variability
• More variable crop yields because extreme weather events are projected to increase in frequency and magnitude
• Since the beginning of the 21st century, the variability of crop yields has increased as a consequence of extreme weather events
past
futu
re
Sensitivity of cereal yields to climate change for maize and wheatSensitivity of cereal yields to climate change for maize and wheat
![Page 32: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Agro-climatic zone - Risks and opportunities
European CommissionAdaptation to Climate Change in the Agricultural SectorAGRI-2006-G4-05
![Page 33: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
What about vertical farming?What about vertical farming?
![Page 34: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
……some fast cropping concepts! some fast cropping concepts!
![Page 35: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35 Source: Corporate Communications City of Melbourne
![Page 36: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
River flow droughtRiver flow drought
• Increase in frequency and intensity of droughts in many regions of Europe• Southern and south-eastern Europe are most prone to an increase in drought hazard, but
minimum river flows will also increase in many other regions
• Europe has been affected by several major droughts in recent decades (e.g. 2003 in central parts and 2005 in the Iberian Peninsula)
• Climate change has probably increased the frequency/severity of droughts in some regions
past
futu
re
Change in the severity of river flow Change in the severity of river flow droughts in Europe 1962-1990droughts in Europe 1962-1990
Relative change in meanRelative change in meansummer minimum 7-day summer minimum 7-day river flow between river flow between 2071-2100 and 1961-19902071-2100 and 1961-1990
![Page 37: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Draft EU Guidance: How to adapt to climate change with Draft EU Guidance: How to adapt to climate change with regard to water issues and EU water legislationregard to water issues and EU water legislation
• Being prepared by countries and Commission (Water FWD) for river basin management plans (RBMP) due in 2015, only few 2009 RBMPs include adaptation
National
Adaptation Strategies
Wade et al., adapted by EEA
![Page 38: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Coming to Coastal areas…Coming to Coastal areas…
![Page 39: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
100 Mt of sediments lost to coastal systems every year! River management hinterland!
![Page 40: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
![Page 41: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Coastal new design…Coastal new design…
![Page 42: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
……or an opportunity?or an opportunity?
![Page 43: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
May be reinventing ancient cities?May be reinventing ancient cities?
Seuthopolis -300 BC
![Page 44: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Tourism and recreation…Tourism and recreation…
Simulated conditions for summer tourism in Europe (IPCC SRES Simulated conditions for summer tourism in Europe (IPCC SRES A2 scenario)A2 scenario)
![Page 45: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
![Page 46: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
How to approach innovation?How to approach innovation?
![Page 47: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
……or bring skiing to cities?or bring skiing to cities?
![Page 48: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
![Page 49: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
fundingguidance exchange
Is that sufficient?
![Page 50: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
![Page 51: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Human health for instance…Human health for instance…
• More extreme weather events, including heat waves
• Increased air pollution (eg. ozone)• Increased vector-borne illnesses• Increased illnesses from food and water
contamination• Increased disparities in health status
![Page 52: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
Vector-borne diseasesVector-borne diseases
Aedes albopictusAedes albopictus (the tiger mosquito) (the tiger mosquito)
![Page 53: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Vector-borne diseasesVector-borne diseases
• Increasing risk of vector-borne transmission of diseases and in number of days suitable for the survival of malaria vectors. However the risk of localised malaria transmission is low.
• The tiger mosquito, a transmitter of various viruses extended its range over the past 15 years• Ticks and Lyme disease and TBE are moving into higher altitudes and latitudes• Changes in the distribution of the sand-fly with a higher risk of Leishmania cases further north
past
futu
re
Presence of the tiger mosquitoPresence of the tiger mosquito in January 2008 in January 2008
Areas of possible establishment of Areas of possible establishment of tiger mosquito in Europe 2030tiger mosquito in Europe 2030
![Page 54: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
![Page 55: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
• Regional and local governmental organizations, NGOs and the private sector have started to adopt new policies, regulations and standards accounting for climate change (role of insurance sector)
• Measures mainly in areas with a long tradition of dealing with climate extremes such as flood defence
• Many adaptation actions have been initiated because of the substantial losses from extreme weather events in recent years
• Policies and measures designed to address long-term climate change impacts have not been developed to the same extent
As a way of conclusion - Current measures: As a way of conclusion - Current measures: reactive or proactive?reactive or proactive?
![Page 56: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
• Scientific uncertainty (low level of confidence in climate change scenarios of extreme events at high spatial resolution)
• Policy action at regional/local level (need for stakeholder involvement; gaps in knowledge on potential adaptation policies and measures; lack of resources)
• Costs of adaptation and benefits assessments (gaps in knowledge; how to identify “win-win” or “no-regret” options, justified under many plausible scenarios)
• Coordination between sectors (how to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of measures with many organisations involved)
Challenges for integration of adaptation Challenges for integration of adaptation into other policies and measuresinto other policies and measures
![Page 57: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
• Need to develop policy framework at European, national and regional/local levels
• Integrate (“mainstream”) adaptation into other policies and measures
• Enhance research (EU and national) on vulnerability assessments (including scenarios), good practices and costs and benefits, with stakeholder involvement
• Improve management practices for non-climatic reasons, as potential to reduce vulnerability
• Exchange experiences amongst relevant stakeholders (public and private; EU/national/regional/local)
• Communicate risks clearly to those affected and the actions they can take
OverallOverall
![Page 58: 1 Climate change…Impacts, vulnerabilities…Adaptation, land use, territorial cohesion…Spatial planning…Eco-innovations No challenges stand in isolation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f125503460f94c24d04/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
Thank you for attentionThank you for attention
More information on EEA web page More information on EEA web page
http://http://eea.europa.eueea.europa.eu
The European Environment Agency is the EU body dedicated to The European Environment Agency is the EU body dedicated to providing sound, independent information on the environmentproviding sound, independent information on the environment