1 Clause Complexes Vivi

8/12/2019 1 Clause Complexes Vivi

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The ClauseComplex Prof. Viviana Nardechia


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A clause can be defined as the largest

grammatical unit, and a clause complex is twoor more clauses logically connected. In otherwords, a clause complex is a sequence of

processes which are logically connected.


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HOW ARE CLAUSES

CONNECTED?


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Clauses within a complex areinterrelated grammatically interms of two systems, that of

TAXISand that ofLOGICO SEMANTICtype.


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Taxisrefers to the dependency statusof the clauses inthe clause complex

It includes two different categories:

Hypotaxis: dominant or dependent ( Greek letters: a,b, c, etc.)

Parataxis: one clause follows on from another(Numbers: 1, 2, 3, etc.)


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Clauses can also be combined through one of these two

LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS:

EXPANSION PROJECTION


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Expansionlinks processes by providing additionalinformation. It involves three types of relationships:

Elaboration Extension Enhancement


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Elaborationinvolves four relationships: specifying in greater detail

restatement

exemplification

comment

This is the That is to say relationship and is shown

through the sign (=)


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Extensionextends the meaning of one clauseby adding something new. It involves and,but, or type relationships and is marked by

a (+) sign.


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Enhancementinvolves circumstantial relationshipswhere the circumstantial information is coded as a newclause rather than within the clause. Enhancement canbe:

Temporal

Conditional Causal

Concessive

Spatial

Manner

It is marked through an(x)sign


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Taxis

parataxis

hypotaxis

Logico semantic relation

expansion

projection

(numbers)

(Greek letters)

elaboration

enhancement

extension

locution

idea

System

NetworkAnalysis


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EXPANSION

Elaborating Extending Enhancing

that is to say and, but so, thenor (rather) not only for, thus

Paratactic in other words but also or else

for example except still

for instance or, yet otherwisein fact, like

rather than while, so that

Hypotactic which whereas when, wherewhile because, if

instead as, even though

besides despite, after


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Analysis of Clause ComplexesWhen analysing clause complexes, we take into account

these guidelines:o List each clause vertically down the page, lettering each

clause complex (A,B,C, etc.) and numbering each clausein the clause complex (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.)

o Display analysis on the left-hand side of the text

o Begin a new layer whenever there is a change in taxis ora change in logico-semantic relation.


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A clause complex analysis showing the layeringof thestructure.

Example:

Morel went to bed in misery, and Mrs Morelfelt as if she were numbed by some drug, i.e.

her feelings were paralysed.


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(A) (i) Morel went to bed in misery

(ii) and Mrs Morel felt

(iii) as if she were numbed by some drug(iv) i.e. her feelings were paralysed


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(A) (i) 1 Morel went to bed in misery,

(ii) 2 + a and Mrs Morel felt

(iii) x b 1 as if she were numbed by some drug(iv) = 2 i.e. her feelings were paralysed


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Morel went to bed in misery

Mrs Morel felt

she were numbed by some drug

her feelings were paralysed

1

2

+ a

xb

1

= 2

and

as if

(i.e.)


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Analyse the following Clause complexesshowing their syntactic and logico-semantic

relationship.

Each level of govermment has its set duties,

which it must carry out.


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(A) (i) Each level of govermment has its set

duties,

(ii) which it must carry out.


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(A) (i) a Each level of govermment has its set

duties,

(ii) = b which it must carry out.


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She never enjoys parties if her boyfriendsnot there so we didnt invite her.


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(B) (i) She never enjoys parties

if her boyfriends not there

(ii) so we didnt invite her


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(B) (i) 1 a She never enjoys parties

(ii) x b if her boyfriends not there

(iii) x 2 so we didnt invite her


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John invited the Wilsons to the party but

they didnt come, which made John rather

indignant as he had thought he was doingthem a favour.


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(C) (i) John invited the Wilsons to the party

(ii) but they didnt come,

(iii) which made John rather indignant(iv) as he had thought

(v) he was doing them a favour


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(C) (i) 1 John invited the Wilsons to the party

(ii) + 2 a but they didnt come,

(iii) = b a which made John rather indignant(iv) x b a as he had thought

(v) b he was doing them a favour

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