1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are...

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ClassificatioClassificationn

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•There are There are 13 billion13 billion known known species of organismsspecies of organisms

•This is This is only_______of allonly_______of all organisms that ever organisms that ever lived!!!!!lived!!!!!

•New organismsNew organisms are still are still being found and identifiedbeing found and identified

Species of OrganismsSpecies of Organisms


Classification Using Cladograms______________________: A diagram that shows the

evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

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CladogramCladogramDiagram showing how organisms are related Diagram showing how organisms are related

based on based on shared, derived characteristicsshared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scalessuch as feathers, hair, or scales


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Primate Primate CladogramCladogram


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What is Classification?What is Classification?

________________________arrangement of arrangement of organisms into organisms into groupsgroups based on their based on their similaritiessimilarities

___________: ___________: science of science of classificationclassification

Taxonomists: Taxonomists: scientists scientists that identify & name that identify & name organismsorganisms


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Benefits of ClassifyingBenefits of Classifying

•Accurately & uniformlyAccurately & uniformly names organisms names organisms

•Prevents Prevents ________:________: wrong wrong namename–Sea horse, jellyfish, koala Sea horse, jellyfish, koala

bearbear

•Uses Uses same language (Latin same language (Latin or some Greek)or some Greek) for all for all names names Sea”horseSea”horse

”??”??


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Confusion in Using Different Confusion in Using Different Languages for NamesLanguages for Names


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Latin Names are Understood Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomistsby all Taxonomists


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Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus1707 – 17781707 – 1778

•Father of ___________

•Classified organisms by structure

•Developed 2- word naming system we use today


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Standardized Standardized NamingNaming

•______________no______________nomenclature menclature usedused

•Genus speciesGenus species

•Latin or GreekLatin or Greek

•ItalicizedItalicized in in printprint

•Capitalize Capitalize genusgenus, but NOT , but NOT speciesspecies

Turdus Turdus migratoriusmigratorius

American American RobinRobincopyright cmassengale

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Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature

Which TWO are more closely related?copyright cmassengale

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Hierarchy-Taxonomic Hierarchy-Taxonomic GroupsGroups

Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for

plants) Class Order Family

Genus Species

BROADEST BROADEST TAXONTAXON

Most Specific


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KKinging

PPhilliphillip

CCameame

OOverver

FForor

GGreenreen

SSalad!alad!


My Pneumonic Device

•K

•P

•C

•O

•F

•G

•Scopyright cmassengale 15

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The 6 ___________The 6 ___________

•Archaebacteria Archaebacteria (harsh env’t)(harsh env’t)

•Eubacteria Eubacteria (all except harsh (all except harsh env’t)env’t)

•ProtistaProtista (algae…) (algae…)

•FungiFungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) (mushrooms, yeasts …)

•PlantaePlantae (multicellular plants) (multicellular plants)

•AnimaliaAnimalia (multicellular animals) (multicellular animals)


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ARCHAEBACTERIA

•Probably the 1st cells to ______

•__________________-Autotrophs

•Live in _________ environments

•Found in:

–Sewage Treatment Plants

–Thermal or Volcanic Vents

–Hot Springs or Geysers that are acid

–Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Prismatic_Spring_and_Midway_Geyser_Basin_from_above.jpg

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ARCHAEABACTERIA


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EUBACTERIA

•Unicellular-Autotrophs

•Some may cause __________

•Found in ALL HABITATS _____ harsh ones

•Important decomposers for environment

•Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc.


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Eubacteria- Live in the intestines of Eubacteria- Live in the intestines of animalsanimals


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ProtistaProtista

•Most are Most are _____ellular_____ellular

•Some are Some are ________cellular________cellular

•Some are Some are _______trophic_______trophic, , while others are while others are _________trophic_________trophic

•AquaticAquatic

•Ex: algaeEx: algae


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FungiFungi•MulticellulaMulticellula

r,r, except except yeastyeast

•Absorptive Absorptive heterotrophheterotrophss (digest (digest food outside food outside their body & their body & then absorb then absorb it)it)


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PlantaePlantae

•MulticellularMulticellular

•AutotrophicAutotrophic

•Absorb_______to Absorb_______to make glucose – make glucose – PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

•Cell walls made Cell walls made of of __________________________


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AnimaliaAnimalia

•______cellular______cellular

•Ingestive Ingestive heterotrophsheterotrophs (consume (consume food & digest food & digest it inside their it inside their bodies)bodies)

•Feed on Feed on plantsplants or or animalsanimals


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______________Keying______________Keying

•Used to identify Used to identify organismsorganisms

•Characteristics given in Characteristics given in pairspairs

•Read both Read both characteristicscharacteristics and and either go to another set either go to another set of characteristics of characteristics OROR identify the organismidentify the organism


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Example of Dichotomous Example of Dichotomous KeyKey

1a Tentacles present – Go to 21a Tentacles present – Go to 2

1b Tentacles absent – Go to 31b Tentacles absent – Go to 3

2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus

2b More than 8 tentacles – 32b More than 8 tentacles – 3

3a Tentacles hang down – go to 3a Tentacles hang down – go to 44

3b Tentacles upright–Sea 3b Tentacles upright–Sea AnemoneAnemone

4a Balloon-shaped body–4a Balloon-shaped body–JellyfishJellyfish

4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 54b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.duewestcharter.bc.ca/images/Links/Sea%2520Anemone.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.duewestcharter.bc.ca/Helpful%2520Links.htm&h=803&w=1071&sz=95&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=u31TMeW8tnm4iM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsea%2Banemone%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3DGGIC,GGIC:2006-38,GGIC:en

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