1 CHENG Donghong CIGRE Women Engineers Forum, Nanjing, Sept. 24, 2015 China Association for Science...

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CHENG Donghong

CIGRE Women Engineers Forum, Nanjing, Sept. 24, 2015

China Association for Science and Technology (CAST)China Women Association for Science and Technology (CWAST)

Women in Engineering

— Meeting a Brilliant Scenery

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CAST and CWAST attach importance to the development of women in science and technology in China

The development of electrical engineering beckons for the participation of more females

Personal accomplishment supports women to be better in engineering

The progress of society and the development of S&T create a broader platform for women to participate in science, technology and engineering

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At the beginning of the new millennium, world leaders gathered at the United Nations and formulated Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), promoting gender equality and empower women is one of the 8 goals. As reaching the end of the MDGs period, MDGs have made profound achievements.

Women now make up 41 per cent of paid workers outside the agricultural sector, an increase from 35 per cent in 1990.Between 1991 and 2015, the proportion of women in vulnerable employment as a share of total female employment has declined 13 percentage points. In contrast, vulnerable employment among men fell by 9 percentage points. Women have gained ground in parliamentary representation in nearly 90 percent of the 174 countries with data over the past 20 years. The average proportion of women in parliament has nearly doubled during the same period. Yet still only one in five members are women.（ Source: The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015）

United Nations


The progress of society enhanced the social and political status of female

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China

The Chinese government adopted a series of policies to enhance the political and social positions of female in China. And Female’s consciousness to participate in political affairs has been improved.The ratios for female in National People's Congress(NPC), Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and in the leadership of the government departments have been increased.


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6.06

21.33

17.7

0

5

10

15

20

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1954 2011

NPC

CPPCC

Source: Statistical Data about the Status of Women and Children in China 2011

In 1954, the ratio of the female representatives in NPC was 12%, and in CPPCC was 6.06%, while in 2011, the ratios increased to 21.33% and 17.7% respectively.

The progress of society enhanced the social and political status of female

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The development of S&T


Improve the living standard

Reduce the burden of housework

Providing more opportunities for women to go out of the family and find her job

IT technology is developing

Employment requirements rely more on intelligence and knowledge than labor

Making women more competitive in technological and engineering arena

The development of S&T provides more opportunities for female to work in engineering arena

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As the largest non-government organization in Science and Technology, China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) has always paid great attention to gender equality in S&T.

In 2009, a Committee for Women in Science and Technology was set up under the Standing Council of CAST

Some female Vice-presidents and Standing Council members of CAST

CAST for Women in S&T

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China Women’s Association for Science and Technology (CWAST) is a national non-profit and non-governmental organization of women in science and technology in China, established in 1993 under the leadership of ALL-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) and China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) . CWAST is devoted to promoting the full and active participation of women in science and technology, and encourage them to make contributions so as to return to the society.

Dr. Li Ruo-mei, the former secretary-general of China Society of Electrical Engineering (CSEE) and Vice Chair of World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) Energy Committee, who is also the Organization Taskforce Convener of this Forum. She is a council member of CWAST.

CWAST

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Promoting the policy-making for women in S&T


Since 2011, the age for women to apply the Young Scientists Fund has been extended to less than 40,while for men maintained less than 35.

chart for women researchers leading the Young Scientists Fund project

Since 2012, a new fund called “Excellent Young Scientists fund” was set up, the applicants of which are female scientists less than 40 and male scientists less than 38.

Year Total number of the grantee

Number of Women

Number of Women in age of 39-40

2013 400 91 31

2014 400 71 22

chart for women researchers lading the Excellent Young Scientists Fund project

NSFC formally indicated that female may extend the deadline of her on-going research projects due to the fertility.

the National Natural Science Foundation of China implement a series of policies.

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From 2009, the age of the candidates for China Science and Technology Award for Young Women Scientists has been extended to less than 45 from 40.

Year Total Number of Award Winners

Number of the Winners by age of 40-45

Proportion

2009 5 5 100%

2010 10 10 100%

2011 10 9 90%

2012 10 8 80%

2013 10 9 90%

2014 10 8 80%

Total 55 49 89.1%

From 2011, the age of women candidates for China Science and Technology Award for Youth Scientists has been extended to less than 45 from 40.

CAST extends the age limit of young women for its awards

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The Circular formulated that female professionals in senior technical post retire at the age of 60, just as the same with male professionals.

Before that, the retire age for female of these position was 55, while male was 60.

The Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Ministry of Human Resources issued a circular on the overall implementation of the policy on the same-age-retirement of the female professionals in senior technical post with the male. (Mach 3rd, 2015)

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Gender in S&T


The Forum of Women Scientists in CAST Annual Meetings

Organizing the women fora in academic activities

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Gender in S&T


The Activity of Women Scientists to the Campus in CAST Annual Meetings.

Organizing the women fora in academic activities

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CAST is comprised of 204 national societies including societies in pure science, societies in engineering and technology, societies in agriculture, societies in medicine, and interdisciplinary societies. The Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering (CSEE) is one of its member societies.



Proportion of female members（ %）

Proportion of female in the council （ %）

Proportion of female vice presidents and presidents（ %）

2011 2013 2011 2013 change 2011 2015 changeNational Societies 19.37 22.50 11.24 12.61 ↑ 4.55 8.42 ↑societies in pure science

22.56 23.25 9.20 9.26 ↑ 2.74 4.57 ↑

societies in engineering and technology

14.91 15.26 7.87 10.14 ↑ 4.85 4.96 ↑

societies in agriculture

24.43 24.41 9.27 9.60 ↑ 3.78 2.42 ↓

societies in medicine

21.43 29.77 22.75 26.59 ↑ 8.33 23.42 ↑

Interdisciplinary Societies

19.48 30.06 13.20 14.10 ↑ 3.03 10.17 ↑

CAST encourages the development of women leadership in its member societies.

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Gender in S&T


Workshop for Women Biophysicist in 9th Asian Biophysics Association (ABA) Symposium

Organizing the workshops for women in professional fields

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Gender in S&T


The Workshop for Women in Informatics by China Computer Federation

The Woekshop for Women in Life Science by Tsinghua University

Organizing the workshops for women in professional fields.

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Outreach for local


Study tour and outreach services to Ning Xia Autonomous Region

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Outreach for local


Study tour and outreach services to to Jiang Xi Province)

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Outreach for local


Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Company

China Academy of Telecommunication Research

Study tour to the enterprises/research institutions

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The development of electrical engineering beckons for the participation of more female

Source: http://www.cec.org.cn/

By the end of 2014, the overall installed capacity for electric energy is 1.36 billion kilowatt hour (kwh), while 0.45 billion kwh is not fossil-fuel which makes up 33.3%; the overall electric energy production for 2014 is 5550 billion kwh, while 1420 billion kwh is not by fossil-fuel which makes up 25.6%. It’s the first time for the electric energy production by fuels other than fossil-fuel reached more than 25%

The electric energy industry in China is developing sustainably and harmoniously

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The total electricity consumption of China in 2014

electricity consumption (kwh)

Primary Industry 99.4billion

Secondary Industry 4070billion

Tertiary Industry 666billion

Urban and rural residents

692.8billion

Total 5528billion

Source: http://www.cec.org.cn/

the amount of energy and power consumption is large and rising.

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Electricity is indispensable to the society and people's daily life.

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development of electrical engineering beckons for the participation of more female

Challenges

Exhaustion of fossil fuel

Pollution of the environment

Climate changeEtc.

Enhance the efficiency of traditional fuels

Develop new fuels

Energy conservation and emission reduction

Etc.

The field faces challenges and desires for innovation.

Develop smart power grids

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development of electrical engineering beckons for the participation of more female

As a sun-rise industry, electrical engineering calls on the participation of more talents.

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CIGRE-China membership

Total women ratioWomen members

595 80 13.4%

Women in Standing Council

62 1 1.6%

Women vice presidents and presidents

17 1 5.9%

The ratio of CSEE membership

Women members

1/16

Women in Council

4/169

Women in Standing Council

1/62

The participation of more female engineers will make the field better.

However, the proportion of female participating in electrical engineering is not satisfying.

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Besides the back-up of the society, one’s own accomplishment is crucial to realize her dream and persist in her professional choice

Personal Accomplishment

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Attentive

Responsibility

Intuitive

Tenacity

Tolerant

……


Female has advantages in science, technology and engineering field

We have countless reasons to believe that along with the participation of more female, the tomorrow of electrical engineering will be better.

You can do it better!

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Thank You!

1 CHENG Donghong CIGRE Women Engineers Forum, Nanjing, Sept. 24, 2015 China Association for Science...

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