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Chapter Eleven

Creativity, Innovation, and

Leadership

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Learning Objectives

Identify the steps in the creative process. Identify characteristics of creative

problem solvers. Be prepared to overcome traditional

thinking in order to become more creative.

Describe both organizational and individual approaches to enhance creative problem solving.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Learning Objectives (cont’d)

Explain how the leader and the organization can establish a climate that fosters creativity.

Identify several leadership practices that contribute to organizational innovation.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Creativity and Innovation

Creativity is the production of novel and useful ideas

Innovation refers to the creation of new ideas and their implementation

Organizational creativity is the creation of a valuable, useful new product, service, idea, procedure, or process by individuals working together in a complex social system

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Figure 11-1 Steps in the Creative Process

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Characteristics of Creative Leaders

Devoted to their fields Enjoy intellectual stimulation Challenge the status quo Share many characteristics that can

be divided into four major categories

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Figure 11-2 Characteristics of Creative Leaders

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Componential Theory of Individual Creativity

Creativity takes place when three components join together Expertise: the necessary knowledge to

put facts together Creative thinking: the ability to

imaginatively solve problems Task motivation: persevering or sticking

with a problem to a conclusion

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Outside the Box Thinking

A box in this sense is a category that confines and restricts thinking. A creative person is not confined to a box, but sees opportunities outside the box.

A box in this sense is a category that confines and restricts thinking. A creative person is not confined to a box, but sees opportunities outside the box.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Organizational Methods to Enhance Creativity

Systematically collect fresh ideas Brainstorm (e.g., 6-5-3 method) Use the pet-peeve technique Use the forced-association

technique Equip a kitchen for the mind Engage in playful physical activities

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The Pet-Peeve Technique

……is a method of brainstorming in which a group identifies all the possible complaints others might have about the group’s organizational unit.

…is a method of brainstorming in which a group identifies all the possible complaints others might have about the group’s organizational unit.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Table 11-1 Self-Help Techniques for Creativity Improvement

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Establishing a Climate and Culture for Creative Thinking

Essential for carrying out the organization’s vision and its mission statement

Can be divided into(1) Leadership practices(2) Methods for managing creative

workers

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Leadership Practices for Enhancing Creativity

1. Hire creative people from the outside and identify creative people from within

2. Challenge people’s intellect3. Empower workers to choose their own

methods for task accomplishment4. Provide realistic timelines and adequate

resources

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Leadership Practices for Enhancing Creativity (cont’d)

5. Design work teams with the right “chemistry”

6. Allow, encourage, and praise creativity individually

7. Allow, encourage, reward and recognize creativity organizationally, from top down

8. Have favorable exchanges with creative workers

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Methods of Managing Creative Workers

Give creative people tools and resources that allow their work to stand out

Give creative people flexibility and a minimum amount of structure

Give gentle feedback when turning down an idea

Employ creative people to manage and evaluate creative workers

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Leadership Initiatives to Enhance Innovation

Continually pursue innovation Take risks and encourage risk

taking Emphasize collaboration among

employees Acquire innovative companies

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Leadership Initiatives to Enhance Innovation (cont’d)

Avoid innovation for its own sake Adopt loose-tight leadership Integrate development and

production Recognize the hidden opportunities

when products and ideas flop

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Summary

A creative leader brings forth ideas for things that did not exist previously

The creative process involves five steps: opportunity or problem recognition, immersion, incubation, insight, and verification and application

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Summary (cont’d)

Having the right characteristics improves the chances of a person being a creative problem solver and a creative leader

Creativity requires overcoming traditional thinking

There are several organizational and self-help techniques to enhance creative thinking and problem-solving

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Summary (cont’d)

Effective leadership requires establishing a climate conducive to creative problem-solving

Special attention should be paid to managing creative workers

Leaders can enhance innovation through several initiatives