11

Chapter 2 (Continued) Chapter 2 (Continued)

Section 2.2Section 2.2

Internet Service Provider Internet Service Provider (ISP)(ISP)

ISP - a company that connects you through ISP - a company that connects you through your communications line to its servers, or your communications line to its servers, or central (host) computer, which connect you to central (host) computer, which connect you to the Internet via another company’s network the Internet via another company’s network access point.access point.

22

POPPOP POP – Point of PresencePOP – Point of Presence

Collection of modems and communications Collection of modems and communications equipmentequipment

Connects you to your ISP’s networkConnects you to your ISP’s network

33

NAPNAP

NAP – Network Access PointNAP – Network Access Point routing computer on the Internet where routing computer on the Internet where

several connections come togetherseveral connections come together connects an ISP's network to the connects an ISP's network to the

Internet backbone.Internet backbone.

BackbonesBackbones

BackbonesBackbones high-speed, high-capacity transmission high-speed, high-capacity transmission

lineslines Connects NAP’s to the InternetConnects NAP’s to the Internet

66

7

Connecting tothe Internet

ProtocolsProtocols

A set of rules (program) that computers use in order to transmit data.

Rules followed in order for two computers to communicate.

88

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

Suite of protocols on which the Internet runs

PacketsPackets

Fixed-length blocks of data for transmitting Individual packets are sent by way of separate

routes.. TCP – breaks data up into packets IP – sends the packets over the Internet to

their final destination TCP – reassembles the packets in their

correct order.

1010

IP Address

Numeric name used to identify each computer on the Internet.

Consists of 32 bits (4 bytes)

Largest 8 bit number is 255. Smallest 8 bit number is 0

11111111 = 28 - 1 = 255

00000000 = 0

IP Address (continued)

Consists of a network component and a host component.

Ex. 102.150.8.68 = 01100110. 10010110. 00001000. 01000100

01100110 = 102 10010110 = 150 00001000 = 8 01000100 = 68

Dynamic IP Address

An IP address that is assigned when a computer connects to the Internet

Static IP Address

Permanently assigned IP address Given to a computer or router that is

permanently connected to the Internet

Internet2Internet2

Links more than 206 research UniversitiesLinks more than 206 research Universities

1616

World Wide WebWorld Wide Web

17

Web PageWeb Page

Document on the World Wide Web that Document on the World Wide Web that can include text, pictures, sound and can include text, pictures, sound and video.video.

A web page is created using a hypertext A web page is created using a hypertext markup language (html)markup language (html)

Web SiteWeb Site

A web page or collection of pages with a A web page or collection of pages with a unique address (url).unique address (url).

Examples:Examples: campus.murraystate.educampus.murraystate.edu www.google.comwww.google.com

BrowsersBrowsers

A program used for viewing a web page.A program used for viewing a web page.Examples:Examples:

Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer

Netscape NavigatorNetscape Navigator

FirefoxFirefox

ConquerorConqueror

OperaOpera

20

URLURL A string of characters indicating the location A string of characters indicating the location

of a web page.of a web page.Example:Example:http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/balmer.htmhttp://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/balmer.htm

Consists of:Consists of:1.1. The web protocol (http)The web protocol (http)2.2. The domain name (www.barnard.columbia.edu)The domain name (www.barnard.columbia.edu)3.3. A directory or list of directories (religion)A directory or list of directories (religion)4.4. The file name of the web page. (balmer.htm)The file name of the web page. (balmer.htm)

Another exampleAnother examplehttp://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/csc199/smith.htmhttp://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/csc199/smith.htm

Protocol (http)Protocol (http)

Domain name (campus.murraystate.edu)Domain name (campus.murraystate.edu)

Directories (academic/csc199)Directories (academic/csc199)

File name (smith.htm)File name (smith.htm)

23

Designing Web PagesDesigning Web Pages There are professional web designers who There are professional web designers who

develop web pages.develop web pages.• Web Manager or Webmaster - one who creates Web Manager or Webmaster - one who creates

and/or manages a web presentation.and/or manages a web presentation.

A web page is created using HTML.A web page is created using HTML.• One can write HTML by using a text editor, or One can write HTML by using a text editor, or • One can use a program such as Microsoft One can use a program such as Microsoft

FrontPage, Macromedia Dreamweaver or FrontPage, Macromedia Dreamweaver or Netscape composer (to name a few) that Netscape composer (to name a few) that creates the HTML for you.creates the HTML for you.

24

HTMLHTML Stands for: HyperText Markup LanguageStands for: HyperText Markup Language This is the language used for creating This is the language used for creating

hypertext (web pages).hypertext (web pages). Example:Example:

<html><html><head><head>

<title>Title of web page</title><title>Title of web page</title></head></head><body><body>

Body of web page.Body of web page.</body></body></html></html>

XHTMLXHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup LanguageExtensible Hypertext Markup Language Successor to HTMLSuccessor to HTML

Take CSC 125 Take CSC 125 to learn how to to learn how to

design web pages !design web pages !

26

Search EngineSearch Engine

Software that lets a user specify search Software that lets a user specify search terms. The search engine then finds sites terms. The search engine then finds sites that contain those terms. that contain those terms.

27

Tips for Smart SearchingTips for Smart SearchingChoose search items well.Choose search items well.Use correct spelling.Use correct spelling.Use phrases with quotation marks. Use phrases with quotation marks. Put unique words first in a phrase.Put unique words first in a phrase.Use operators (AND, NOT, +, -)Use operators (AND, NOT, +, -)Use wildcards (*) Use wildcards (*) Read the Help or Search Tips section.Read the Help or Search Tips section.Try an alternate general search site or a specific Try an alternate general search site or a specific search site.search site.

2828

Incoming email is stored in a mailbox on the mail server.

When retrieving messages using email software, the email is sent from the server to the computer.

2.4 Sending & Receiving Email

29

Protocols

To retrieve a message (email) from a remote location, either POP or IMAP is used.

POP Post Office ProtocolMessages are downloaded onto your PC

30

Protocols

IMAP Interactive (or Internet) Mail (Message)

Access ProtocolMessages are left on the server

3131

Email Software (Mailer)

Get an email program as part of other computer software

Get an email program as part of your ISP package

Get free email services

Buy email software

3232

Email Addresses

Joe_Black@earthlink.net.us

Joe_Black - User name or UserID

EarthLink - Domain name

net - Top-level domain

us - top-level country domain

3333

Parts of an Email Message and Attachments

To: address1, address2, address3To send to multiple people

Cc: stands for “Carbon Copy”Used to send a copy of the email to another

addressBcc: stands for “Blind Carbon Copy”

Used to send a copy to another address but the individual whose address is on the To: line can not see that a copy was sent to the individual whose address is on the Bcc: line.

3434

Attachments

• Files on a computer can be attached to an email message.

• The person receiving the attachment must have the same software that was used to create the attachment in order to view the attachment.

3535

Other Ways of Communicating

Instant messaging (IM) - allows any user on a given email system to send a message and have it pop up instantly on the screen of anyone else logged onto that system.

Mailing Lists: Email-based discussion groups

Listserv – is an automatic mailing-list server that sends email to subscribers participating in discussion topics.

3636

Netiquette: Appropriate Online Behavior

Consult FAQs

Avoid flaming

Do not SHOUT

Be careful with jokes

Avoid sloppiness

Do not send huge file attachments

Quote with relevant portion when replying

Do not “overforward”

3737

Spam: Unwanted Junk Email

Delete without opening the message

Never reply to a spam message!

Enlist the help of your ISP or use spam filters

Check the filter on your webmail.Go to: “Settings”, then “Anti Spam”, check

options and then choose “Save”You can also Download free versions of filters

(ex. Spamnix)

3838

Keeping Email Private

Install security software.

Do not put any sensitive or

embarrassing information in the email.

Even deleted mail can be traced on your hard disk.