1 Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements The Atom Atomic Number and Mass Number Isotopes.
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Transcript of 1 Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements The Atom Atomic Number and Mass Number Isotopes.
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1
Chapter 2
Atoms and Elements
The Atom
Atomic Number and Mass Number
Isotopes
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2
Atomic Theory
Atoms are building blocks of elements
Similar atoms in each element
Different from atoms of other elements
Two or more different atoms bond in simple ratios
to form compounds
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3
Subatomic Particles
Particle Symbol Charge RelativeMass
Electron e- 1- 0
Proton p+ + 1
Neutron n 0 1
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4
Location of Subatomic Particles
10-13 cm
electrons
protons
neutrons
10-8 cm
nucleus
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 5
Atomic Number
Counts the number
of
protons
in an atom
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Represents physical and chemical behavior of elements
Arranges elements by increasing atomic number
Repeats similar properties in columns known as chemical families or groupsVertical columns are familiesHorizontal rows are periods
6
Periodic Table
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 7
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 8
Atomic Number on the Periodic Table
11
Na
Atomic Number
Symbol
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9
All atoms of an element have the same number of protons
11
Na
11 protons
Sodium
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 10
Learning Check
State the number of protons for atoms of each of the following:
A. Nitrogen
1) 5 protons 2) 7 protons 3) 14 protons
B. Sulfur
1) 32 protons 2) 16 protons 3) 6 protons
C. Barium
1) 137 protons 2) 81 protons 3) 56 protons
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 11
Solution
State the number of protons for atoms of each of the following:
A. Nitrogen
2) 7 protons
B. Sulfur
2) 16 protons
C. Barium
3) 56 protons
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12
Number of Electrons
An atom is neutral The net charge is zeroNumber of protons = Number of electronsAtomic number = Number of electrons
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 13
Mass Number
Counts the number
of
protons and neutrons
in an atom
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 14
Atomic Symbols
Show the mass number and atomic number
Give the symbol of the element
mass number
23 Na sodium-23
atomic number 11
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15
Subatomic Particles in Some Atoms
16 31 65 O P Zn
8 15 30
8 p+ 15 p+ 30 p+
8 n 16 n 35 n8 e- 15 e- 30 e-
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 16
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons, but
different numbers of neutrons.
Atoms of the same element (same atomic
number) with different mass numbers
Isotopes of chlorine
35Cl 37Cl17 17
chlorine - 35 chlorine - 37
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 17
Learning Check
Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes, 12C, 13C, and 14C. State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these carbon atoms.
12C 13C 14C 6 6 6
#p _______ _______ _______
#n _______ _______ _______
#e _______ _______ _______
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 18
Solution
12C 13C 14C 6 6 6
#p 6 6 6
#n 6 7 8
#e 6 6 6
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 19
Learning Check
An atom of zinc has a mass number of 65.
A. Number of protons in the zinc atom
1) 30 2) 35 3) 65
B. Number of neutrons in the zinc atom
1) 30 2) 35 3) 65
C. What is the mass number of a zinc isotope
with 37 neutrons?
1) 37 2) 65 3) 67
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 20
Solution
An atom of zinc has a mass number of 65.
A. Number of protons in the zinc atom
1) 30
B. Number of neutrons in the zinc atom
2) 35
C. What is the mass number of a zinc isotope
with 37 neutrons?
3) 67
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 21
Learning Check
Write the atomic symbols for atoms with the following:
A. 8 p+, 8 n, 8 e- ___________
B. 17p+, 20n, 17e- ___________
C. 47p+, 60 n, 47 e- ___________
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 22
Solution
16OA. 8 p+, 8 n, 8 e- 8
B. 17p+, 20n, 17e- 37Cl 17
C. 47p+, 60 n, 47 e- 107Ag 47
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Its atomic number is
1) 14 2) 16 3) 34
Its mass number is
1) 14 2) 16 3) 34
The element is
1) Si 2) Ca 3) Se
Another isotope of this element is
1)34X 2) 34X 3) 36X
16 14 1423
Learning Check
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Its atomic number is
14
Its mass number is
34
The element is
Si
Another isotope of this element is
36X
14
24
Solution
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Using the periodic table, specify the atomic mass of each element
(round to the tenths place):
• A. calcium ___________
• B. aluminum ___________
• C. lead ___________
• D. barium ___________
• E. iron ___________
25
![Page 26: 1 Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements The Atom Atomic Number and Mass Number Isotopes.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022033103/56649f425503460f94c6138c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Using the periodic table, specify the atomic mass of each element
(round to the tenths place):
• A. calcium 40.1
• B. aluminum 27.0
• C. lead 207.2
• D. barium 137.33
• E. iron 55.8
26