1 Challenge the future Collaborative housing: new approaches in an international perspective...

1Challenge the future

Collaborative housing: new approaches in an international perspective

Presentation at the BlomBerg SocietyUtrecht, 16 April 2015

Dr Darinka Czischke, B.A., MSc, PhD

Assistant Professor, Department of Real Estate & Housing

Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, TU Delft

[email protected]


What’s the problem?

Structural housing ‘crisis’ in post-industrial societies

• Deep transformations in social housing• Housing commodification• Diversification of housing exclusion (middle incomes)


Post-recession environment

• Widespread questioning of hegemonic economic development paradigm

• Emergence of co-production approaches in social services – including housing!

• Co-production, collaboration, social innovation, social experimentation, crowd-funding, open source, …


(Re)emergence of collaborative housing initiatives

• Earlier waves: 1900’s, 1960/70s (cooperatives, communal living, co-housing…)

• Early XXI century: different historical context, new features

• Evidence of significant activity, especially since the economic crisis (France, Germany, Belgium, UK…)

• Community Land Trusts, Co-housing, new residents’ cooperatives, eco-housing…


Self help housing

“Self-help housing involves groups

of local people bringing back into

use empty properties that are in

limbo, awaiting decisions about

their future use, or their

redevelopment” (UK)


Self-Help Housing in Germany

Berlin

•Roots in squatting movement

Leipzig

•Home-steading programme for empty flats

•Public funding

•Security of tenure

Freiburg

•Factories and barracks transformed into attractive neighbourhoods

•Partnerships with municipalities


Community Land Trusts (CLTs)

Five central principles •Community-controlled and community owned •Open democratic structure •Permanently affordable housing •Not for profit •Long-term stewardship

Range of financing models •Funding •Investment •Low cost land


Champlain Housing Trust

•Established in Burlington, Vermont in 1984

•Affordable to households on 57% of local median income

•2,200 properties for rent and LCHO

•Resale formula to share equity

•Pioneers: now 200 trusts throughout the USA

•Governance 3/3 (general, owners, municipal officers)

•Know-how transfer to Europe


Co-housing

• Origins in Denmark, 1960s

• ‘Intentional community’ composed of private homes supplemented by shared facilities.

• Community is planned, owned and managed by the residents

• May also share cooking, dining, childcare, gardening, and governance.

• Common facilities may include a kitchen, dining room, laundry, child care facilities, offices, internet access, guest rooms, and recreational features.


Co-housing in practice

• Strongly value-driven

• Mixed or specific groups (e.g. elderly women)

• Lack of specific legal / policy framework

• Specific national frameworks determine

ownership, management and governance (FR,

BE, DE, UK, DK, US…)

• Long term process: drop outs, motivation,

leadership

• Each project unique!


Residents’ housing agendas

Housing agendas

Key questions

Affordability Is it more affordable than other tenures?

Sustainability Is it more environmentally-friendly than other tenures?

Empowerment

Does it allow a greater say in my housing situation?

Community life

Does it give me the opportunity to experience richer community life?

Quality Does it provide optimal quality in relation to my means and aspirations?


Research commissioned by the Housing Partnership UK (HPUK)


GRAND LYON, FR

“Le Village Vertical”, residents’ cooperative,Villeurbanne (Grand Lyon, France)


VIENNA, AT

The women’s housing project [ro*sa]22 (Vienna, Austria)


The Community Land Trust Brussels (CLTB)


Conclusions

• Growing number of CLHIs under formation across Europe, but very low completion rates

• Key drivers: • Socio-demographic change (SOC)• Long standing housing crisis (ECON)• Environmental agenda (ENV)

• Key challenges: • Land• Funding• Social mix• Sustained participants’ commitment


Role(s) for housing associations?

1. Facilitating local partnerships: Bringing together

different stakeholders

2. Channelling [and organising?] funding

3. Developers and managers long term

commitment

4. Ensuring social [tenure] mix

5. Lobbying government for enabling policy

frameworks and financing instruments


Thanks for your attention!

Contact: [email protected]

1 Challenge the future Collaborative housing: new approaches in an international perspective...

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