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Central Nervous System

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Main parts of the CNS:

1, BRAIN_________________

_________________________

_________________________

2, SPINAL CORD __________________________________________

________________________________________ __________________________________________

________________________________________

CNS=Central Nervous System

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1. The Brain

CerebrumCerebellum

Brain Stem

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Protection for the Brain

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What happened to Phineas Gage? 1) How did Phineas Gage change after

the accident? __________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) How did Phineas Gage’s accident change scientists’ understanding of the brain? _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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A. Cerebrum• Made up of 2 hemispheres, each controlling one half of the

body• The left hemisphere controls the right side of the

body, ___________________________________

_______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

• The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, ___________________________________

__________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

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White Matter and Gray Matter

• The cerebrum is composed of:

– ________________________________________________________________

– ________________________________________________________________

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A. The Cerebrum• Also known as the cerebral cortex, is

divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal– Each lobe has its own particular

responsibilities:• Frontal: _______________________________________________________________• Parietal: ______________________________________________________________• Occipital: __________________________• Temporal: _________________________

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The Cerebrum

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Probe the Brain • Beginning in the 1940s, Canadian

brain surgeon Wilder Penfield mapped the brain's motor cortex -- the area that controls the movement of your body's muscles.

• He did this by applying mild electric currents to the exposed brains of patients while they were in surgery.

• Ex. “Smell of burnt toast = area of brain that is overactive = Ceisure.

• Brain Probing ActivityMotor Homunculus• This cartoon character has

features drawn according to how much brain space they take up.

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B. Cerebellum (“small brain”)• Coordinates

– ______________– ______________– ______________

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B. Cerebellum

• ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Communicates with the other parts of the brain

• ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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C. Brain Stem• Transmits information from the brain to

spinal cord and vice versa. • Coordinates

– _____________– _____________– _____________– ____________________– ____________________– _____________________

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2.The Spinal Cord

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2. Spinal Cord

• ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Protected by the vertebrae.• Function:

1) ______________________________________________________________________

2) ____________________________________

_______________________________________

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2. Spinal Cord

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Damage to the C.N.S. Concussion: _______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Paralysis: _________________________________

Cerebral palsy: ________________________________

__________________________________________ Epilepsy: __________________________________

____________________________________________ Multiple sclerosis:

______________________________________________________________________________________

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PBS clip: From Zzzz’s to A’s.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/view/

1. How many hours of sleep to you need to get in order to be fully alert?

2. What is the name of your Biological Timing System and how does it change during the teenage years?

3. What analogy does the announcer use for a teen that is trying to function with not enough sleep?

4. What are three daily life functions that sleep affects your ability to do?

5. What is REM sleep and what happens during this time?6. What is the best predictor of whether or not you will

succeed at school?7. What were the results of the study of the relationship

between learning and sleep in teens Charlie and Nicole?

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Review Questions - CNS

1) What are the main parts of the central nervous system?

2) What is the brain?

3) What are the 3 major structures of the brain?

4) What are the 4 different layers of protection of the brain?

5) What functions are controlled by the left cerebral hemisphere?

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Review Questions - CNS6) What functions are controlled by the right cerebral hemisphere?

7) What did the study of Phineas Gage teach us about the brain?

8) What are the different lobes of the cerebral cortex and what are their functions?

9) What is the difference between white matter and grey matter?

10) Who is Wilder Penfield and how did he contribute to our understanding of the brain?

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Review Questions - CNS11) What is the function of the cerebellum?

12) What parts of your body does the cerebellum communicate with?

13) What is the function of the brainstem?

14) What is the function of the spinal cord?

15) What protects the spinal cord?

16) What is a consequence of damage to the spinal cord?

17) What 3 things can you do to improve the power of you brain?

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Review Questions – CNS

1)What are the main parts of the central nervous system? Brain, spinal cord

2) What is the brain?The brain is the main organ of the CNS. It iscomposed of nearly 100 billion nerve cells

which are folded together in order to fit inside the cranium.

3) What are the 3 major structures of the brain? cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

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4) What are the 4 different layers of protection of the brain?

1- cerebrospinal fluid2 – Meninges3 – the skull4 – skin of the scalp

5) What functions are controlled by the left cerebral hemisphere?

The left hemisphere controls logical thinking,mathematical thinking, language,

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6) What functions are controlled by the right cerebralhemisphere? The right hemisphere controls artistic expression, creativity and spatial understanding.

7) What did the study of Phineas Gage teach us aboutthe brain? The brain is not only responsible for language and movement but it is also responsible for determining one’s emotions and personality

8) What are the different lobes of the cerebral cortexand what are their functions? – Frontal: movement, thinking, problem-solving – Parietal: touch, pain and pressure information – Occipital: visual information – Temporal: auditory information

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The Cerebrum

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9) What is the difference between white matter andgrey matter?

Grey matter is a collection of neuronal cell bodies, including dendrites. It is the region of the cerebrum where synapses are made. White matter refers to the collection of axons of those neurons. It is where nerve fibers are located.

10) Who is Wilder Penfield and how did he contribute to our understanding of the brain?

Wilder Penfield was a Canadian brain surgeon who created of map of the motor cortex (which regions of the brain control which body parts).

Interactive Sites

• Neuron Transmission Interactive:

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/crossingdivide/