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• But, still only one-third through on points

• Wolf outlines back today• Essays due next Thursday, 3/13

Notes (3/6)• Half-way through semester today!

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Hohokam• Pima for “those who have gone”• Who, where, and how

– Contrasts with Anasazi• When• Why they left• Where they went

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Emil Haury• 1904 – 1992• Observant• Gap event• Mammoth

digs• Studied all

SW cultures• Hohokam• Head, Anthro.• Dir., ASM• Friend of

LTRR

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Hohokam

• Sonoran desert• Near rivers

• Tucson examples

• Where from?

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Sonoran Desert Environment

• Climate

• Vegetation

• Big difference:

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Hohokam Chronology

• 500 BC – AD 800

• 800 – 1150

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Hohokam Chronology

• 1150 – 1300

• Post 1300

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Pithouses

• -

• -

• -

• -

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Preservation

• -

• -

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Ballcourts• -• -• -

• -

• -

• -

• -

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Hohokam Platform Mounds• -• -• -

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Big Houses• -

• -

• -

• -

• -

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Harvesting the Desert

• Trash piles instructive• Plants

– -– -– -

• Animals: – -– -

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Farming the Desert• -• -• -

• -

• -

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Farming the Desert• Canals well

engineered– -

– -

• Pueblo Grande:-

• -• -

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Farming the Desert

• Floodwater farming– -

•-•-

• Dry farming– -

•-•-•-•-

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Environmental Zonation• Alluvial fans:

– -

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Zone 5• -• -

• -• -

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Zone 2• -• -

• -

• -

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Zone 4• -• -

• -• -

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Hohokam AbandonmentClimate: Droughts & Floods

• Pro:– Late 1300s floods damaged

irrigation system• Con:

– Had survived earlier floods.

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Salt River Stream Flow• -• -

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Hohokam AbandonmentOverpopulation

• Pro:– -

•-– -– -

• Con:– -– -

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Hohokam Abandonment

Soil Salinization-

• Irrigation water– Fresh: -– Ground: -– CAP: -– Ocean: -

• Arid environment.

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Hohokam Abandonment

Soil Salinization• Ruins soil for farming:

– -• -• -

• -– -

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Hohokam AbandonmentSoil Salinization

• Pro:– -– -

• Con:– -– -

•-•-

– -

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Where Did They Go?

• -

• -

• -

• -

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See HohokamIn Tucson

• Haury espoused field lecture connections

• Ft. Lowell Park– E. Glenn St.– N. Craycroft

Rd.• Go to ne corner• Pithouse outline• Lots of interp.

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Wolf Outlines

• Grading: 50 pts• Average score: 40 (80%)• Many no shows (ouch): please see

me• Plenty of evidence of synthesizing

research items• Lots of red on papers, but don’t

take it personal.

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Essay Improvements• Include more reference citations in

text– ~15 references need, nice mix

(but not my web sites)• Better organization

– Intro: Quick history of the wolf to present

– Cons to reintroduction, focus on a couple

– Pros to reintroduction, perhaps in response to cons

– Conclusion: Reintro is controversial but …

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Essay Improvements

• Don’t write too personal– Too much 1st person voice, “I

believe,” especially in conclusion• Emphasize arguments, not arguers

– Environmentalists are shoving the wolf down ranchers’ throats …

– Passive voice ok, even preferred• Redundancy is easy, but not helpful • 1 species, and 2+ species (spee sheez)• the Southwest, but the southwestern

U.S.