1 Bob Morgan AK Dept. of Environmental Conservation Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) also known as...
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Transcript of 1 Bob Morgan AK Dept. of Environmental Conservation Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) also known as...
1
Bob MorganAK Dept. of Environmental Conservation
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
also known as
Toxic Air Pollutants or Air Toxics
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What are HAPs?Toxic air pollutants that can cause serious
health effects Cancer Respiratory problems Neurological problems Reproductive problems Birth defects
Adverse environmental and ecological effects
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EPA required to control 188 hazardous air pollutants
Defined by Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990 (see list) 5 important air pollutants not on list, addressed separately as "criteria pollutants”
What are HAPs? (cont.)
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Criteria Pollutants•Particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5)
•Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
•Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
•Ozone (O3)
•Carbon monoxide (CO)•Lead (Pb) is both criteria pollutant and HAP
CAA - Title I NAAQS
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Examples of HAPs - Mercury
Thermometers
Thermostats
Switches
Lighting (fluorescent, CFL, HID, Neon)
Batteries (button-cell, mercury-oxide)
Coal-burning power plants
Burning municipal or hazardous waste(Hg fact sheets and info at www.newmoa.org)
Flame Sensor(gas range)
Float Switch(sump pump)
Tilt Switch(washing machine)
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Examples of HAPs - Mercury
Mercury mines (none currently operating)
Extraction of gold in mining
Fish and marine
mammals”State health officials are actively
monitoring Alaska residents and
have not found any cases of unsafe
mercury exposures resulting from
consumption of Alaska fish”
(www.epi.alaska.gov/eh/fish/)http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0072-94/
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Examples of HAPs - Cadmium
Common in industrial workplaces
Tobacco smoke
Nickel-cadmium (NiCad) batteries (power tools, cordless phones, professional radios, airsoft guns)
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Examples of HAPs - Lead
Lead solder Batteries TV screens and computer monitorsAmmunitionWeightsBuilding demolition with lead-based
paintRed Dog Mine
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Examples of HAPs - DioxinsGroup of chemical compounds that share similar
chemical structures
Herbicides - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) “Agent Orange” & “Esteron”
Sources: byproduct of combustion and production processes involving chlorine
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Examples of HAPs - Asbestos Natural asbestos deposits Insulating material (building materials before
1975, heat-resistant fabrics) Asbestos Containing Material (ACM)
floor tile Roofing material Packing and gaskets
(Removal requires special equipment and detailed training)
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More Examples of HAPs Formaldehyde – particle board, new manufactured
homes (building materials and home furnishings), smoking, incomplete fuel combustion
Beryllium – combustion of coal and fuel oil, incineration of municipal waste
Benzene, Toluene – gasoline
Vinyl chloride – used to make plastics (PVC)
Radionuclides – naturally occurring radon, fallout from nuclear tests
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Sources of HAPs - Major Sources (large sources)
More than 10 tons/year of one HAP or more than 25 tons/year of combination of HAPs
Chemical plants
Coal-burning power plants
Coke ovens – steel plants
Mines (Red Dog) and refineries
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Sources of HAPs - Area Sources (small sources)
Vehicle exhausts Village fuel venting
tanks Gas stations Burning landfills Dry cleaners Print shops
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Indoor SourcesCombustion
Treated wood in wood stoves Exhaust from furnace Cigarettes
Building materials/furnishings Dioxins from bleached fabrics Formaldehyde from pressed wood Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
• Paints, new carpet, glues
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Indoor Sources (cont.)Household cleaning/maintenance products
Chlorine (Clorox) Glues (typically, strong-smelling substances
contain VOCs Glass cleaners can contain benzene,
ammonia, more
Storage / Arctic entries / Attached garages Paints and solvents Exhaust and fuels
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Effects of HAPs
Health Effects of HAPs Cancer Neurological problems Reproductive issues Birth defects Respiratory problems
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Effects of HAPs (cont.)
Environmental effects of HAPs Soils – spilled gasoline, leached into
dump Water – spilled gas, runoff from dump Air – venting tanks, burning waste
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Greatest Risk in Villages Normally not a high risk Some risk
Running small boats frequently or rebuilding carburetors
Living downwind from a dump where trash is burned
Using commercial cleaning and building materials
Natural sources in/near villages
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Regulation of HAPs
Emission controls Health-based in 1970 Clean Air Act
• Not implemented
• Disagreement about regulating carcinogens
Technology-based in 1990 Clean Air Act
• Pollution prevention
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Regulation of HAPs (cont.)
Regulations By source category Regulate major sources first Maximum Achievable Control Technology
(MACT)
• Pollution prevention
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Contact InformationBob Morgan, ADECPhone: 907-269-3070E-mail: [email protected]
Barbara Trost ADEC / AQ Monitoring and Quality Assurance Phone: 907-269-6249E-mail: [email protected]
Jennifer WilliamsAK Solid and Hazardous Waste Program CoordinatorInstitute for Tribal Environmental ProfessionalsPhone: 907-349-2163E-mail: [email protected]