1 BILLION “STARS”1 BILLION “STARS”

Barolo 2001

Attilio FerrariIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica

The beginning (1988) The beginning (1988) 13 years ago …13 years ago …

The need of new approach to The need of new approach to astrometry for OATOastrometry for OATO

OATO people move to STScI to OATO people move to STScI to work work

for HST astrometryfor HST astrometry

The DSS The DSS and Barry and Barry LaskerLasker

The 1989 Memorandum of Understanding between STScI and

OATOon improving the photometric and

astrometric calibrations of GSC-I and the use of astrophysical data

The support of Riccardo Giacconi

The grand project The grand project (1989)(1989)

The HST guide star The HST guide star catalog as a catalog as a scientific tool, a scientific tool, a proposal to NASA proposal to NASA for GSC-IIfor GSC-II

Difficult times,Difficult times,but still going but still going aheadahead

A (risky) meeting in A (risky) meeting in Geneva (1990)Geneva (1990)

Crucial help from Crucial help from ASIASI

Memorandum of Memorandum of Understanding between STScI Understanding between STScI

and CRA (1995)and CRA (1995)PIs: B. Lasker and M. LattanziPIs: B. Lasker and M. Lattanzi

GSPC-II: photometric calibrations, GSPC-II: photometric calibrations, routine observations at La Sillaroutine observations at La Silla

Memorandum of Understanding Memorandum of Understanding between OATO and ECF to speed-up between OATO and ECF to speed-up

data reduction and calibrations (1997)data reduction and calibrations (1997)

The actions of CRAThe actions of CRACall for Proposals out to the Italian Call for Proposals out to the Italian

communitycommunityCoordinator: S. Sciortino (PA)Coordinator: S. Sciortino (PA)

Project Supervisors: Project Supervisors: F. Fusi-Pecci (BO) and L. Benacchio (PD)F. Fusi-Pecci (BO) and L. Benacchio (PD)

Hard work: plate scanning, Hard work: plate scanning, observations, calibrationsobservations, calibrations

• Constant support of CRA for a National project; scientific experiments• Resources of OATO (personnel, equipment, wine and “bagna caûda” sometimes)• An exceptionally friendly collaboration• The invaluable enthusiasm and unabated faith of Barry• New forces: ESA and ECF• A terrible 1999……

THE GUIDE STAR CATALOG THE GUIDE STAR CATALOG GSC-IIGSC-II

THE MOST COMPLETE CATALOG IN THE WORLDTHE MOST COMPLETE CATALOG IN THE WORLD

THE GUIDE STAR CATALOG THE GUIDE STAR CATALOG GSC-IIGSC-II

THE MOST COMPLETE CATALOG IN THE WORLDTHE MOST COMPLETE CATALOG IN THE WORLD

GSC2.2 All-Sky Map GSC2.2 All-Sky Map Galactic projectionGalactic projection

Total Number of Objects: 435,457,355

Number of Objects in the North: 165,405,323 (38%)

Number of Objects in the South: 270,052,032 (62%)

Number of Stars: 170,095,789 (39%)

No. of Non- Stars: (Galaxies and blended objects) 265,361,566 (61%)

FIRST PUBLIC RELEASE OF THE GSC II: THE GSC 2.2

RELEASED ON JUNE 4, 2001

Press release at http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/2001/18/pr.html

Still work to do towardsStill work to do towards GSC 2.3 GSC 2.3

• Up to 1 billion objects Up to 1 billion objects down to m=22 in J and m=20 in Fdown to m=22 in J and m=20 in F• Proper motionsProper motions• CatalogCatalog• User’s interfacesUser’s interfaces• … … and finally scientific exploitationand finally scientific exploitation

Funds allocatedFunds allocated (personnel excluded) (personnel excluded)

60K $ 60K $ from the Italian Space Agency (1991-from the Italian Space Agency (1991-1992)1992)

40K $/year 40K $/year from CRA/OATO (1995-1999)from CRA/OATO (1995-1999)

280K $ 280K $ contracts from ESO/ECF (1998-1999)contracts from ESO/ECF (1998-1999)

20K $ 20K $ from OATO (2000)from OATO (2000)

2K $ 2K $ in kindin kind (wine and survival goods) (wine and survival goods)

TOTALTOTAL 402K $ less than 0.001$ per object ! 402K $ less than 0.001$ per object !

or ~ 2 ITL per objector ~ 2 ITL per object

or < 0.001 Barolo glasses per objector < 0.001 Barolo glasses per object

GSC-II - The Italian GSC-II - The Italian participationparticipation

Thanks to all !

OATOOATO M. Lattanzi, B. Bucciarelli, R. Casalegno, A. Ferrari, R. Pannunzio, R. Morbidelli, M. Sarasso, A. Spagna, R. Smart,

A. Volpicelli, A. Zacchei

STScISTScI B. McLean, M. Asbury, J. Garcia (Gemini), G. Greene, F. Gugliemetti, G. Hawkins (ESA), V. Laidler, C. Loomis, H. Jenkner, M. Meakes, J. Morrison, A. Rosenberg,

C. Sturch, R. White, D. Wolfe (Gemini)

ECFECF P. Benvenuti, N. Fourniol, R. Mignani, B. Pirenne