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![Page 1: 1 Beyond Third Generation Cellular Networks: The Integration of Internet and Telephony Technology Randy H. Katz UC Berkeley BT Labs 31 March 2000 .](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d405503460f94a19a8d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Beyond Third Generation Cellular
Networks:The Integration of
Internet and Telephony Technology
Randy H. KatzUC Berkeley
BT Labs
31 March 2000
http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu Cellular “Core” Network
Bridge to theFuture
S. S. 7
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Outline
• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
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Outline
• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
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Mobile Telephone & Internet Users
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Source: Ericsson Radio Systems, Inc.
Mobile TelephoneUsers
Internet Users
Millions
Year
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Data Dominates
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Voice
IP
United States Network Traffic Growth (gigabits, bn)
Source: Nortel in The Economist, 13 Mar 99
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Core Network BecomesData-Oriented
IP-Based WAN
Local Exch Local ExchPSTN
Local SwitchIWF + Router
Local SwitchIWF + Router
Voice TrafficConnection-Oriented
Data TrafficPacket-Oriented
Local Gateway Local GatewayCore Network
AccessNetwork
AccessNetwork
Local ExchNet (LEC)
Local ExchNet (LEC)
InterexchangeNetwork (IXC)
Local Switch Local Switch
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IP-Based WAN
Packet-OrientedVoIP Gateway VoIP Gateway
Core NetworkAccessNetwork
AccessNetwork
Router Router
Core Network BecomesData-Oriented
• Appl-specific routing overlays, e.g., info dissemination • Routing infrastructure with DiffServ support• Service-level agreements spanning multiple ISPs• Services running on servers in the infrastructure
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Smart Appliances/Thin Clients
Qualcomm PDQ Phone
PDA
PCS
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• Top Gun MediaBoard– Participates as a reliable
multicast client via proxy in wireline network
• Top Gun Wingman– “Thin” presentation layer in PDA
with full rendering engine in wireline proxy
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Critical Trends
• Multimedia / Voice over IP networks– Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network– Simultaneous support for delay sensitive and delay
insensitive flows via differentiated services
• Intelligence shifts to the network edges– Third-party functionality downloaded into Information
Appliances like PalmPilots
• Programmable intelligence inside the network– Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure– Mobile/extensible code, e.g., JAVA: “write once, run
anywhere”– Rapid new service development– Speech-based services
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Outline
• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
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The Future: Internet-basedOpen Services Architecture
“Today, the telecommunications sector is beginning to reshape itself, from a vertically to a horizontally structured industry. … [I]t used to be that new capabilities were driven primarily by the carriers. Now, they are beginning to be driven by the users. … There’s a universe of people out there who have a much better idea than we do of what key applications are, so why not give those folks the opportunity to realize them. … The smarts have to be buried in the ‘middleware’ of the network, but that is going to change as more-capable user equipment is distributed throughout the network. When it does, the economics of this industry may also change.”
George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore
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Policy-basedLocation-basedActivity-based
Speech-to-TextSpeech-to-Voice Attached-EmailCall-to-Pager/Email Notification
Email-to-SpeechAll compositions
of the above!
Universal In-box
Transparent Information Access
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RoomEntity
Text toCommand
ICSISpeech
Recognizer
MicrophoneCell phone
A/V Devices
Response to Client
Path
Audio Text Cmd
Composable Services
• E.g., voice control of A/V devices in a “Smart Room”– Multistage processing transformation– Strongly typed connectors– Service discovery service– Automated path generation
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Outline
• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
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ICEBERG: Internet-based core for CEllular networks
BEyond the thiRd Generation
• Motivation:– People use a multitude of communication devices and networks:
» Cell phones, PSTN, VoIP, E-mail, V-mail, fax, etc.» 3G cellular: UMTS/IMT2000» Wireless LANs: Bluetooth / HomeRF» Home Access Networks: DSL / Cable modem
– Access to real-time services embedded in diverse networks
• Model: Person-to-Person and Person-to-Service communication across diverse access networks
– Not device to device!
– Service handoff across devices and access networks
» Potentially Any Network Service (PANS)
– Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics
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ICEBERG Goals
• Demonstrate ease of new service deployment– Packet voice for computer-telephony integration– Speech- and location-enabled applications– Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the
PDAs, pads, pagers, phones (4 P’s)– Mobility and generalized routing redirection
• Demonstrate new service architecture supporting innovative applications
– Personal Information Management» Universal In-box: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail» Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager
– Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator integration
» Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall
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Experimental Testbed
SimMillenniumNetwork
Infrastructure
GSM BTS
Millennium Cluster
Millennium Cluster
WLAN /Bluetooth
Pager
IBMWorkPad
CF788
MC-16
MotorolaPagewriter 2000
306 Soda
326 Soda “Colab”
405 Soda
Velo
Smart SpacesPersonal Information Management
TCI @Home
H.323GW
Nino
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• Bases (1M’s)– scalable, highly available– persistent state (safe)– databases, agents– “home” base per user– service programming
environment
Wide-Area Path
• Active Proxies (100M’s)– not packet routers, may be
active networking nodes – bootstrap thin devices into
infrastructure– soft-state and well-connected
NINJA Distributed Computing Platform
• Units (1B’s)– sensors / actuators– PDAs / smartphones / PCs– heterogeneous– Minimal functionality:
“Smart Clients”
Jinidevices
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ICEBERG Feature Set
• Potentially Any Network Services (PANS)– Any service can from any network by any device;
network/device independence in system design
• Personal Mobility– Person as communication endpoint with single identity
• Service Mobility– Retain services across networks
• Easy Service Creation and Customization– Allow callee control & filtering
• Scalability, Availability, Fault Tolerance• Security, Authentication, Privacy
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ICEBERG Architectural Elements
• ICEBERG Access Point (IAP)– Encapsulates network specific gateway (control and data)
• ICEBERG Point of Presence (iPOP) – Performs detailed signaling
» Call Agent: per communication device per call party» Call Agent Dispatcher: deploy call agent
• Name Mapping Service– Mapping between iUID (Iceberg Unique ID) and service end point
• Preference Registry– Contains user profile: service subscription, configuration,
customization
• Personal Activity Tracker (PAT)– Tracks dynamic information about user of interest
• Automatic Path Creation Service– Creates datapath among participants’ communications devices
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Transformation and Redirection
IP CoreIP Core
PSTNPSTN
PagerPager
WLANWLANCellularNetwork
CellularNetwork
H.323GW
GW
GW
GW
iPOP
iPOP
iPOP
iPOPIAPTransducer
Agent
RedirectionAgent
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More Detailed View
Iceberg Network
PSTN GSM
PagerWaveLAN
GSM PSTN
IAP
IAP
IAP
IAP
IAP
IAP
iPOP iPOP
iPOP iPOP
Cal
StanfordNaming ServerPreference RegistryPersonal Activity TrackerAPC Server
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iPOP administration domains
More Detailed View
PSTN GSM
PagerWaveLAN
GSM PSTN
IAP
IAP
IAP
IAP
IAP
iPOP
iPOP iPOP
iPOP
IAP
Multicast tunnels
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ICEBERG Signaling System
• Signaling System– Distributed system w/agents communicating via
signaling protocol for call setup, routing, & control
• ICEBERG Basic Call Service– Communication of two or more call participants using
any number of communication devices via any kind of media
– If call participant uses more than one devices, must be used synchronously
• Essential Approach– Loosely coupled, soft state-based signaling protocol
w/group communication– Call Session: a collection of call agents that
communicate with each other
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Signaling: Call Session Establishment
Name MappingService
Preference Registry
Alice Bob
Carol
IAP
13
3 5
6
IAP7
8 9
1011
1314IAP 15
16
2
Call Agent Dispatcher
Call Agent
iPOP
4
Call Agent Dispatcher
Call Agent
iPOP
12
Call Agent Dispatcher
Call Agent
iPOP
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Call Control and Call States
• Control– For established call session, alter/propagate call states.
Modify datapath correspondingly
• States– Call party identities, in-use devices in use & their call
status, datapath information on active data streams
• Challenge– Reliable propagation of call state changes to call agents,
given highly dynamic call session environment
• ICEBERG Approach– Light Weight Sessions– IAP: network specific gateways maintain hard state– IAPs and iPOPs exchange heartbeats; loss triggers
recovery
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Light-Weight Call Session
Call Agent
Call AgentData Path
Table
Call Session
Auto PathCreation
Call State Table
Call Agent
Announce Announce
Listen Listen
Create/tear downdata path
Create/tear downdata path
Add orremove
path
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New ICEBERG Capabilty: Service Handoff
• Service handoff occurs when users switch communication devices in midst of call session
• Enables service mobility• Service handoff is:
– Generalized call transfer– Special case of conference call
» User uses one device to invite another device» Then hangs up the first device
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Service Handoff Scenario:Cell Phone to Laptop
CallerIAP
CalleeIAP
CallerIAP2
handoff fromcell phone to
VAT
Multicast Session
announceListen
announce
Listen
announce
Listen
Cell phoneturned off
Start new IAP
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Service Handoff Scenario
CallerIAP
CalleeIAP
CallerIAP2
handoff fromcell phone to
VAT
Multicast Session
announceListen
announce
Listen
Cell phoneturned off
Start new IAP
• Simple reliability scheme• IAP fault tolerant• Simultaneous service handoff• Multiparty calls trivial• Security through encryption
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New ICEBERG Capabilty: Policy-Based Redirection
Home Phone
Voice MailPager
Cell Phone Office Phone
Calls during business hours
Calls in theevening
AnonymousCalls
Friends & family calls
Importante-mail headers
E-mail accessvia phone
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Policy-Based Redirection
IF (9AM < hour < 5 PM) THEN Preferred-End-Point = Office-Phone
IF (5 PM < hour < 11 PM) THEN Preferred-End-Point = Home-Phone
IF (11 PM < hour < 9 AM) THEN Preferred-End-Point = Voice-Mail
PersonalActivityTracker
Preference Registry
UserPreference
Profiles
OtherPersonal
State
Callee locationCallee state
Per Call Statee.g., Caller IDTime of Day
Caller End PointType
Callee’s PreferredEnd Point
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Preference User Interface
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Outline
• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
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Implementation Status
• Much of architecture initially implemented– IAPs: GSM, PSTN (H.323), WaveLAN; Service handoff– iPOPs in Berkeley CS LAN: local area components for name
service, pref resolution, activity tracking
• Areas under development:– Wide-area APC for service composition and instantiation– Graphical capture/playback of user preference specs– Billing architecture– New services to test the architecture:
» Call completion on busy subscriber» Ninja jukebox to audio information appliance
• Evaluation– Critical metric is scalability, resistance to failure– Soft-state vs. hard-state performance tradeoffs
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Summary
BasesActiveProxies
UnitsNinja ExecutionEnvironment
Data PlaneOperators
Connectors
Paths
ControlPlane
IAP
PAT
PRLS
APC
Pref R
eg
Name
Svc
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Conclusions
• Emerging Network-centric Distributed Architecture spanning processing and access
• Open, composable services architecture--the wide-area “operating system” of the 21st Century
• Beyond the desktop PC: information appliances supported by infrastructure services--multicast real-time media plus proxies for any-to-any format translation and delivery to diverse devices
• Common network core: optimized for data, based on IP, enabling packetized voice, supporting user, terminal, and service mobility