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Benefits & Challenges: Groundwater- Over 95% of the Earth’s usable fresh water is stored as groundwater

Transborder groundwater resources

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Benefits & Challenges:Benefits & Challenges: FOOD and HUNGER FOOD and HUNGERBenefits & Challenges:Benefits & Challenges: FOOD and HUNGER FOOD and HUNGER

• 1 Billion people go to bed hungry each night

• Rice is the staple food for half of the World’s population

• Food related VIOLENCE is increasing

• 1 Billion people go to bed hungry each night

• Rice is the staple food for half of the World’s population

• Food related VIOLENCE is increasing

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Share of Increase in Global Demandfor Cereals (1995–2020)

Source: IFPRI IMPACT simulations, July 1999.

Developedcountries

15.9%

Sub-SaharanAfrica10.6%

LatinAmerica11.7%

West Asia andNorth Africa

10.1%

India12.6%

China24.9%

Rest of Asia14.2%

World = 690 million ton increase

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Environment: Agricultural Production Systems in Africa

c.70% of Africa’s Workforce is employed in the AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

c.40% of GDP of African countries flows from AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

c.80% of African population depends on TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

c.75% of sub-Saharan Africa’s population is without access to ELECTRICITY: Firewood & Charcoal (Biomass)

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Environment:Water & Crop Yield

Wheat:

■ Rain fed production: 0.3 kg/cu.m.

■ Irrigated production: 0.8 kg/cu.m.

■ Supplemented

Irrigation production: 2.2 kg/cu.m.

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Benefits & Challenges: Health in Africa

■ Mortality rate: About 103 (infants per 1000 live births)

■ Every 30 seconds a CHILD dies of MALARIA in Africa

■ About 1 million Africans are killed by malaria each year

■ 26.5 million Africans are infected with HIV 2.5 million die each year of AIDS

╚╚►►Life Expectance at Birth: ca.45 years

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DISEASE WORLDLOW INCOME COUNTRIES

Coronary heart disease 7.20 2.47

Stroke & other Cerebro-vascular diseases

5.71 1.48

Lower respiratory infections 4.18 2.94Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3.02 0.94

Diarrhoeal diseases 2.16 1.81

HIV/AIDS 2.04 1.51

Tuberculosis 1.46 0.91

Malaria 0.88 0.86

Prematurity and low birth weight 1.18 0.84

Benefits & Challenges: HEALTHBenefits & Challenges: HEALTHGLOBAL CAUSES OF DEATH: GLOBAL CAUSES OF DEATH: Top 10Top 10

(WHO, November 2008)

No. of Deaths (in millions)

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Benefits & Challenges: Health

Cholera: Ancient Disease

╙►►is now a disease of Developing Nations mainly in Africa and SE Asia.

Patients

╙►► Can lose as much as 20 liters of fluid in a 6- hour period. It is this rapid and massive fluid loss that leads to a drop in blood pressure and death if untreated.