1. Bellringer: CompBook –

HIPP – Lincoln Spot

Resolution

2. Venn: Texas Independence &

Mexican-American War

3. Turning Points: Mexican-

American War / Free-Soil

Party / John Brown’s Raid on

Harper’s Ferry

4. Annotate DocBook pages 279

– 283.

5. CCOT for Monday

Friday November 17

War News From Mexico

Richard c. Woodville, 1848

Westward Expansion

Essential Questions• Why did Americans of European descent feel so compelled to

expand the country westward?

• What might 19th-century Native Americans have said about

Manifest Destiny? Why would they have taken this

perspective?

• How might the country have developed differently if no gold or

other precious minerals had been discovered in the West?

• What would it have been like to walk in the shoes of a 19th-

century settler in the West?

• What did 19th-century federal legislation and military activity

reveal about the government’s attitude toward westward

expansion?

• In what ways did westward expansion rely on immigration?

The Myth of “Discovery”• Native Americans

already lived on the

land that white

explorers claimed to

have “discovered”

• An extremely

diverse set of

cultures inhabited

North America

before Europeans

arrivedAs this map shows, dozens of tribes speaking

nearly 20 different languages existed in America

before the Europeans came

Other Expeditions

• Zebulon Pike explored

the Southwest and

gathered information

while in Spanish

custody

• Fur traders explored

and mapped western

territory

Zebulon Pike

“Mountain Men”• Western fur

traders

• A multicultural

group

• Most worked for

fur companies

• Changing

fashions

diminished the

fur trade

A fur trader on horseback hunting in shallow water

The Santa Fe Trail

• Independence,

Missouri, to Santa Fe

• A popular trade route

between the U.S. and

Mexico

• An invasion route

during the Mexican-

American war

• Vital to economic

expansion of new

U.S. territories

The Santa Fe trail appears in red

The Oregon Trail

• Independence to

present-day Oregon

• Became a crowded

and dangerous route

• Trading stations

• Led to U.S. control

of Oregon Territory

Wagon tracks on a section of the

Oregon Trail in Nebraska

“Manifest Destiny”• Coined in 1845

• Belief that God had

destined the U.S. to

reach the Pacific

• Justified westward

expansion

• Would require the

subjugation of

Native Americans

and “taming” of the

landscape

Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way,

a painting influenced by the idea of Manifest

Destiny

Defining the West• The definition of

the West has

changed

• “Old West” in

colonial times

• Northwest

(present-day

Midwest)

• West of the

Missouri River A 1794 map showing the Western Territory of the

U.S., a region including present-day Wisconsin,

Michigan, and Ohio (among other states)

The Oregon Trail: Famous Expeditions

• John C.

Fremont

• The

Donner

party

John C. Fremont

Donner Peak in California,

named for the ill-fated

Donner Party

Texas

• American colonists

in Mexican Texas

• The Alamo

• Battle of San

Jacinto

• Republic of Texas

• Statehood in 1845

• The Mexican-

American War

A battle during the Mexican-American War

(artist’s conception)

Additional Territorial Acquisitions

• Mineral exploration

increased rapidly

• Treaty of Guadalupe

Hidalgo

• U.S. acquired California,

Nevada, Utah, and parts

of Wyoming, Colorado,

Arizona, and New

Mexico

• Gadsden Purchase