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Transcript of 1 -behavourist_classcial_sc
PsychologyWhat do you already know?
What do Psychologists do?
They explain behaviour
But how do they explain it?
Many different APPROACHES or PERSPECTIVES to explaining behaviour
Unit 8: Psychological Approaches
For our first assignment we will be looking at 6 different psychological approaches & evaluating them.
This will form your P1 & M1 submission.
Todays Lesson: The Behaviourist Perspective
By the end of this lesson you will be able to…
Tell me what the Behaviourist perspective is
What Classical Conditioning is…
Apply at least ONE example
Evaluate the Behaviourist Perspective
The Behaviourist Perspective
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
The Behaviourist PerspectiveThis Perspective believes that we
are born a blank slate, and that we learn our behaviour as a result of our experiences in our environment.
Therefore this is a NURTURE explanation.
Q. What do you think?
Classical Conditioning: The Behaviourist PerspectiveClassical conditioning was first observed by Ivan Pavlov in the late 1800’s.
He was studying how dogs salivation helps digest food, whilst studying this he noticed that dogs would salivate sometimes before their food arrived.
Pavlov then realised that that the dogs has ASSOCIATED food with other stimulus… Such as the door opening.
He later made the dogs associate food with bells…
Pavlov applied this learning by learning by association association to humans…
Classical Conditioning
Have you been classically conditioned?
At the dentist… are you frightened as you walk through the door? As you sit in the chair?
Going to the dentist is associated with pain – you expect pain whenever you go to the dentist
So what is classical
conditioning?
Classical conditioning is when a stimulus creates a response….
But this is a new response.. One we never had before
Pavlov’s Dogs This is our example…. Note down what happens in your own words….
Classical Conditioning
Before Conditioning:
BellNo
response
Food(UCS)
Salivates(UCR)
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Classical Conditioning
During Conditioning:
Bell
Food(UCS)
Salivates(UCR)
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Classical Conditioning
After Conditioning:
Bell(CS)
Salivates(CR)
Conditioned ResponseConditioned Stimulus
Applying Pavlov’s ideas to care settings – Your Turn
Amy is 5 years old and has gone to the hospital to visit her grandmother who is
unwell. When Amy arrives at the hospital she does not like the strong smell on the wards
and starts to vomit. The next day when Amy’s mum says shall we visit grandma Amy
instantly feels sick again.
Q. How would Pavlov explain this?
Classical Conditioning
Before Conditioning:
HospitalNo
response
Strong Smell(UCS)
Vomit(UCR)
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Classical Conditioning
During Conditioning:
Hosptial
Strong Smell(UCS)
Vomit(UCR)
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Classical Conditioning
After Conditioning:
Hospital(CS)
Vomit(CR)
Conditioned ResponseConditioned Stimulus
Amy Amy has learnt through association. Amy associates the hospital with vomiting
Amy has been classically conditioned to feel sick at the thought of going to the
hospital
Note - Both of these situations could turn into phobiasphobias iin later life
Little Albert… Classical Conditioning & Phobias…
The Case Study of little Albert
Raynor & Watson (1920) carried out a famous
experiment using classical conditioning to
demonstrate the origins of fears and phobias.
They looked at the behaviour of a little boy called Albert and found that he was fond of a white rat and wasn’t
frightened at all, in fact the only thing that he was frightened of was a loud noise which would make
him cry.
Little Albert Experiment
Before the experiment
During the experiment
After the experiment
*Rat = No fear
Noise = Fear
*Rat + Noise = Fear
*Rat = Fear
Classical Conditioning Evaluation
Classical condition has successfully been used to
explain phobias. It shows the importance
of…..
The study was conducted in a lab so….?
M1
The environment on our behaviour…
The study is considered scientific & valid… so this is strong support for this perspective
Classical Conditioning Evaluation
It ignores what happens between the stimulus and response (e.g.: thinking).
M1
The Behaviourist Perspective
it oversimplifies human behaviour to
‘object = response”
and ignores other possible explanations.
- This is called reductionism as it reduces behaviour down to one explanation…
what else could affect our
behaviour?M1
The Behaviourist Perspective
Behaviourists like to do research on animals and then generalise the findings to humans.
So?
- The behaviour of animals and humans is very different, so results should not be generalised.M1
Behaviourist Perspective Case Study: LauraClassical Conditioning
Laura is 3 years old and has recently visited her GP’s
surgery to see the nurse who has given her a vaccination injection. Laura was frightened and tearful during this
visit and her mum says that even when they now have to visit the surgery for routine appointments and check-ups,
Laura cries and becomes fearful and refuses to go into the building.
Using classical conditioning explain why Laura has
developed this fear of the surgery.
Refer to:Stimulus & response association