Beaver Trapper John Day’s Oregon Adventures

Long, red-haired, six-foot, two inch tall, John Day lived in Oregon from 1811 to 1820 and he was rather unique as Mountain Men goes; because he alone has two rivers in

Oregon named after him!WHY?

The Ochoco Mountains tried valiantly to kill him during the winter of 1811-12; but he still survived and the

Ochoco gods later rewarded him magnificently with really big prehistoric beavers-pelts or “plews”.

The normal 20-pound beaver’s soft belly fur was the most valuable; but the entire beaver hide was a commercial

asset. You just got back two different payments for these different hides from the same natural Wilderness animal.

However, these big prehistoric beaver’s hide returned four magnificent, soft belly fur plews or quadrants, and 8 courser, squared plews profit to every one modern beaver

hide.By 1814, trapping in the remote Ochoco Mountains was

making John Day a very wealthy man.The modern John Day Fossil Beds Nat’l Monument staff

discovered these buried, five-foot long skeletons of beavers as big as black bears; but no one would expect

them to be living in the remote Ochoco Mountains in early 1800s

Most early period trappers were a solitary lot, a man, a horse and his freight (beaver traps, food & pelts) mules. Most trappers back then abandoned civilization originally because they weren’t very friendly to other folks. John

Day was an exception. He always had a number of trapping partners historic records clearly show!

He must have been a rare likeable sort –with long-flowing red-hair blowing in the winds on a clearly identifiable

frame 6-foot, 2-inches tall!Once you met him; you never forgot him.

Young John Day was clearly documented as a friend of world - famous Daniel Boone back East in his original stomping grounds. In fact, Daniel Boone and John Day

were together when John Day decided to go West with the New York financiers John Jacob Astor’s Overland Beaver

Trapping Party heading to the Pacific Ocean on June 23rd, 1810 to create a brand new an American Fur trading

venture called “Fort Astoria”.John Day & Daniel Boone met the Astor Overland

Expedition in St Louis, Missouri – already heading West on October 21st, 1810. Missouri Businessman Wilson Price Hunt oddly decided to move west during the winter of 1811. Naturally, beaver trappers prime hunting season

was during the middle of winter when the beaver had the thickest fur to make popular English “Top Hats”; so Wilson

figured his crew would thin-out as he moved west. He only wanted the very toughest trappers!

Wilson actually asked Daniel Boone to join his Overland Expedition; but being 60 years of age, Daniel begged out.

Only 40 years old John Day went; as he left Boone back east to head west on this obvious “paid” adventure.

History shows backcountry savvy Boone actually lived to be 80 years old!

We know a lot about the Astor Overland Trapper Party & our colorful character John Day historically because

financiers John Jacob Astor actually gave a friend, the famous New York City novelist Washington Irving, author Sleepy Hollow & other books, the actual Overland Diaries

in 1830s to write his new 1836 novel “ASTORIA”!The natural, colorful antics of John Day as a real

person stood out in those diaries and Irving made him a major character in his new fiction novel!

Meanwhile, back in the winter of 1810 to 1811 along the Missouri River, The Astor Overland Party Boss Hunt did not want to take the original route the Lewis & Clark Expedition documented in their diaries from 1804 to

1806. The Hunt Party followed the Missouri River to the Wyoming’s Yellowstone River and turned off towards the

Grand Tetons rather than go clear up to modern Montana.

Reportedly Hunt diverted on May 26th 1811; as he wanted to avoid any battles with the notorious Montana Blackfeet

tribe!An earlier, mountain man & explorer John Colter passed through the region in the winter of 1807-

1808 and his diary describes modern “Yellowstone National Park” as “Colter’s Hell”!

A few days before Colter went to Yellowstone, he stayed some nights in Henry’s fork Fort.

Some background of Colter shows “John Colter” who had been on the transcontinental expedition of Lewis and Clark, remained in the Missouri region after 1806 to work

for Manuel Lisa's Missouri Fur Company. In 1808, he was sent out to inform the Crows and other

natives of the country north and east of modern Henry's Fork that Lisa planned to develop an upper Missouri fur trade on a large scale. Coming from the Yellowstone up the Bighorn, Colter continued southward into the upper Wind River country. Then, Colter explored on to the west

and Continental Divide country of Jackson's Hole and crossed Teton Pass into Pierre's Hole (now known as Teton Valley) through which the Teton River flows on its way into

the Snake River and eventually down to the Columbia River & Pacific Ocean.

Colter’s1808-09 route maps were popular in Missouri towns; when he returned!

Who made this “Henry’s Fork Fort” near modern Ashton, (ID) in 1810?

http://www.3rd1000.com/history3/events/henrys.htm

“Andrew Henry brought an expedition to the forks of the Missouri in the interests of the Missouri Fur Company in

1810. After a battle with the Blackfeet, April 12, he decided he ought to work in less dangerous country. So he turned west and crossed over the Tetons to Eastern

Idaho’s Henry's Fork--which was named for him--to take advantage of the good trapping which Wiser reported.

There he erected a winter post called Henry's Fort. Game

was scarce and, after that one winter, he and his men all left.

Some of them met an expedition of trappers of John Jacob Astor's Pacific Fur Company on the way to the

newly-founded outpost of Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia. Acting on the advice of Henry's men, Wilson

Price Hunt and his Astorians cut across from the Missouri to Teton Pass and Henry's Fork. They stopped briefly at Fort Henry, and then continued on their way down the

Snake River in search of a good route to the lower Columbia .”

Hunt’s Overland Astor Party were riding on horses up the Missouri River; and they all made it into the

SE Idaho River known as the Henry’s Fork of the Snake River by September of 1811 . Here Hunt

made a terrible mistake!Some local “Snake Tribesmen” showed the Hunt

Party how to make canoes out of burnt trees; and naïve Hunt ignored the tribes warning to NOT

canoe down the Snake River. Hunt’s Diary describes this big River as the “Canoe River”! He probably

figured he would make better time canoeing down the Snake River to the Columbia River & “Astoria

“on the Pacific Coast?Hunt had the horses and saddles left with the local

tribes; as they loaded up their new canoes.According to Hunt’s diary, “we left this place on

October 19th [1811].”The Astorians were all now floating down the Snake

River. With some difficulties and portages, they managed to reach an area near Milner, Idaho

[Washington Irving's “Caldron Linn”] where the Snake River entered a deep, straight-walled gorge.John Day and Ramsey Crooks’ lead canoe went over

a waterfall suddenly & capsized, and a French voyageur friend, Antoine Clappine drowned –The

first Astor Party Tragedy!Even worse, Hunt lost some critical supplies in the

Snake River here!

The Hunt entourage now scattered according to diaries, each finding their own way down the Snake

River now of foot carrying their supplies.It appears they all gathered and stashed their

remaining goods near modern Shoshone Falls – a spectacular 200-foot drop near modern Twin Falls

(ID).Overland Astorians Across the Rocky Mountains To

The Oregon Countryhttp://www.thefurtrapper.com/wilson_hunt.htm

(From HUNT’S DIARY):“…our lack of food prevented any delay of our

journeys we put to one side those things that were most needful to us and began to dig holes in which to cache the remainder… when we put our baggage and merchandise into six caches…we saw no way to continue our journey by water and prepared to go

in different directions in search of Indians.”After caching the goods, Ramsey Crooks started

back for Fort Henry to retrieve the horses. After a few days, he decided it was impossible to reach

Fort Henry and return before snowfall.” Then, Hunt and Crooks divided the remaining men into two parties, each to proceed on its own. Hunt

followed the north bank of Snake River with nineteen men, the woman, and two children, while Crooks and the rest of the men followed the south

bank.Here is when John Day entered the Oregon

Territory!Old Friends from Missouri, Ramsey Crooks and John

Day split up around modern Ontario (OR) –during late summer of 1811.

Ramsay Crooks and most of the men went south into the Great Basin Desert hoping to find Indians who would trade for horses. John Day & a young Astor clerk named John Reed went up the Oregon

“Malheur River” by foot.

It appears John Day & Reed followed the modern Highway 26 route from Vale to the Blue Mountains around “Austin Summit”; as these two, according

to “The Oregon History Project “1811 Trail marker ” – carved a rock near Austin Summit!

(http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=B68D383C-

A876-9594-6F144A6297B49309 )This Oregon Historical Society report describes a

large rock found in the head waters of the modern John Day River, near Bates State Park; with a

mysterious 1811 & a cross that were carved in this rock by John Day or John Reed the fall of 1811 ! This author suspects young John Reed carved the stone waiting in camp for days while John Day explored

the high country above modern Dixie Pass and John Day (OR).

Another reference: McKenzie, Michael. “Using Artifacts to Study the Past: Early Evidence for John Day Exploration.” Oregon Historical Quarterly 104, 2003: 578-595 states” The rock may also provide additional evidence that links John Day, a hunter

with the Astor Expedition, with the river and region that bears his name.”

Long story short, John Day and Reed shot a bear coming down from Austin Summit (Burnt River descent?) in November of 1811 and they were

feasting on bear meat when forlorn Ramsay Crooks returned walking from the south desert in bad

shape & starving.Around Thanksgiving of 1811 , All the Hunt

Overland Party met together again around modern Weiser (ID) along the lower Snake River –still

horseless!John Day used his bear skin to build a quick, round-

boat called a “pirogue or hasty Bull Boat” (http://www.lewis-clark.org/article/1002

) to float all the party onto the Oregon side of the

Snake River around Weiser. Ramsay Crook’s was still exhausted by his travels

in the desert; so John Day stayed with his old friend in camp across the Snake River from Weiser. Some diaries suggest they both had “Beaver fever”. You get that by eating tainted young beaver meat after

the youngster eats the toxic “Water Hemlock” common along the lower Snake River.

Thunder Over the Ochoco (Volume 1, page 197) author Gale Ontko suggests leaving “John Day,

Ramsay Crooks & Jean Baptiste Dubreuil” behind probably saved their lives. On December 10th, 1811 , a noted Shoshone Medicine Man named “Weasel Lungs’ encountered the sickly men in camp and stayed with them for a week nursing

them back to health with native medicines. After the week’s treatments, John Day shot a wolf for that night’s celebration. Then Weasel Lung took the trio up to the Powder River around Baker by New Year’s, 1811-2. The doctor later left the trio

after telling them to go up the Powder River drainage to eventually find the Big Waters.

By January 6 th , 1812 the trio was in a blizzard atop Dixie Pass.

West of Dixie Pass one can still clearly see the majestic Strawberry Mountain Range and a huge valley heading down to the west now called the John Day River . The trio walked down the John Day

Valley during February past modern Prairie City & John Day, Mt Vernon and Dayville; but they took a wrong turn

at Picture Gorge. The Trio continued to travel west or straight ahead; when the John Day River itself turns due

north here to reach the Columbia River!This easy mistake traveling west of Picture Gorge almost killed all three men. It appears the men wandered west past modern Mitchell and up into the modern OCHOCO

DIVIDE region today.John Day, Jean Baptiste Dubreuil, & Ramsay Crooks

valiantly tried to catch up with the main Astorian land party sometime in early winter of 1812 walking up into the Ochoco Mountains in winter. Needless to say they

were lost, starving, and freezing to death during endless winter blizzards.

Thunder Over The Ochoco , Page 200-02:“Completely lost, the Astorians wandered aimlessly down

the backbone of a summer’s trapper paradise, vainly searching for trails concealed beneath six-feet of snow.

The cold stabbed like a driven arrow as they sank deeper into the frozen jaws of the Ochoco…a sub-zero temptress

who allowed them just enough roots and wood mice to thwart the Snow Spirit’s design for death.

On this journey, they saw beaver & sign to defy the imagination, huge animals measuring five-feet from nose

to tail and weighing upwards to 200 pounds!But this new knowledge that such animals still existed

here held no charm for the starving, frightened trappers. Week upon week of absolute confusion was taking its toll. The brutal effects of their rigorous efforts became more

evident each day….More beast than human, the Astorians

only thought was to break free of the crushing wintery forest.

Author Gale Ontko’s eastern Oregon research was unique. He was a range fire specialist living in Prineville all his

life. In his work he became friends with many local tribal Indian fire-fighters and he heard their ancestor’s oral

legends around nightly campfires. Growing older, Gale wanted to write down and makes sense of many of these old Snake Indian legends by picking the Native American

minds.The trio must have spent all of March of 1812

wandering west in the Ochoco Mountains ; but for brevity, they came back to Eastern Oregon’s ancient landmark “Picture Gorge” by mid-April (1812) and

fortunately, they found friendly tribes camping here at Picture Gorge this time.

Jean Baptiste Dubreuil was too weak to continue; so he stayed with the tribe to heal up with their

help. After hot meals and some days’ rest, Day and Crooks were told to head north here following this river (JOHN DAY RIVER) to find the bigger Columbia

River. These two headed north after April 15th

following the river, John Day & Ramsay Crooks were walking past modern towns of Kimberly, Spray,

Twickenham, Clarno and to the mouth of the John Day where they were awakened at dawn and

robbed by Cayuse warriors that left them bruised & naked to die!

Many people remember John Day and Ramsay Crooks were stripped of all their clothes by

unfriendly Indians at the mouth of the John Day & Columbia River around May first 1812.

According to Irving’s 1836 book, ASTORIA, John Day committed suicide after reaching Astoria?????

Ontko suggests the two, by this time, they were done, toast, totally exhausted & walking up the Columbia River, bunky bear ass and with bare feet heading east after the

brutal robbery and simply heading back Home!

Both men were probably delirious by now. We call it “Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome” today.

However, May 10th (1812) John Reed & David Stuart was in a Astoria canoe traveling down the Columbia River and

he saw his old bear-hunting buddy all forlorn; so he picked the two up and took them to Astoria for medical

treatments and new clothes.To make things worse, when John and Ramsay

finally did reach “Astoria”, they learned they were unemployed!

That spring of 1812, the War of 1812 between the United States and England had started and the

local British’s Hudson Bay Company Trappers were threatening to take over the brand new American

“Fort Astoria”!Thus, on June 29 th , 1812 Astor Finance Officer

Robert Stuart was starting a trip back east to bring important papers back to Astor himself; as the War

of 1812 was making the chance of keeping New Fort Astoria under American control seem very

unlikely.Needless to say the War demoralized everyone at

Astoria; but Crooks and Day were especially angry. Both Men joined the return trip home immediately; but John Day became belligerent around any new Indians encountered; so Robert Stuart sent him back to Astoria under guard from two friendly

Indians – he knew well!Sadly, Astorians placed John Day in jail to control and watch him; until young John Reed visited his

old friend. After mutual heavy discussion John Reed arranged John Day release on the agreement he

immediately leave Fort Astoria and not come back.Irving’s 1836 ASTORIA implied John Day was distraught

upon reaching Astoria and comimitted suicide within a year. However, historic records show Fort Astoria became

Fort George in December 23 of 1813; but John Day actually built a cabin around the summer of 1812 along

the modern John Day River near Astoria today!

The Columbia River Highway 30 has a bridge over This “John Day River” – 4-5 miles east of former

Fort Astoria. The author found several old run down cabins along north side of “Fern Hill” overlooking

“Cathlament Bay”; but no obvious graves.Meanwhile, to pick up the story after the Astor Party split near the Snake River, the rest of the

Hunt Party entourage decided to walk up towards Baker after leaving the trio behind near Weiser

(ID); and they spent Christmas Eve (1811) in the Baker “Lone Pine Valley” trying to figure out their next move. The group wisely decided to climb into the Blue Mountains here and bear up the Powder River - west to the modern North Fork of the John Day River reaching “Fort Astoria” in February15th

of 1812 (page 195) . One more further clarification, the original New York City-based, formal , Astor

Expedition had two dimensions - an overland expedition and a sailing ship “Tonquin” that went

around the horn of South America and the Tonquin’s sailors had to build “Fort Astoria” the earlier summer of 1811. The Hunt Overland Party

was almost a year behind scheduled arrivals!

Apparently John Day did not like the Astoria area weather much; as he abandoned his hasty made

cabin and John Day and others were trapping beaver as “freelance trappers” in the winter of

1813-1814 in the Willamette Valley! A Daily Diary account from the British “Fort George” in the

spring of 1814 show the British Traders bought many beaver pelts or “plews” from John Day and

friends harvested the winter before in the Willamette Valley.

Then THUNDER OVER THE OCHOCO book (Volume 1, page 225 &234-235) by Gale Ontko picks up the

continuing John Day Story –past 1814 and his well-documented death in February 16th, 1820.

John Day’s old Astor party friend, Donald McKenzie was back in New York City in summer of 1814 with

Robert Stuart with the Astor Papers . Back East, Don McKenzie was arranging a new inland

American beaver trapping business – more inland in Idaho & along the Pacific Ocean –with Astor’s

financial backing. Once the business formal papers were signed, McKenzie asked a half breed friend, Jaco Finaly, to go back and find John Day in the Oregon Territory and make him agree to be the Inland Snake Tribe business trading overseer.

McKenzie personally knew John Day had acquired had many contacts with the Snake Tribe in Eastern Oregon that he encountered trying to reach Astoria

originally in winter of 1811-12.The Snake tribe was belligerent as the notorious

Blackfeet in Montana; but McKenzie knew old John Day alone could get good trading deals with the

remote Snake tribes – where all white men previously feared to tread.

Actually Jaco learned John Day, by summer of 1814 , was already beaver trapping the Ochoco Mountains

– out of a remote base –cabins near “Picture Gorge” (Dayville OR), along the modern John Day

River!Earlier, the spring of 1812, John Day & Ramsay

Crooks already met friendly Snake Indians salmon fishing & drying near Picture Gorge during the

grueling struggle to finally reach Astoria in winter of 1812. Remember these tribe’s men actually

suggested the two walk down the modern John Day River here at Picture Gorge - heading north to the Columbia River! Ill Jean Baptiste Dubreuil stayed

with them at Picture Gorge; but JEAN simply stayed in this area trapping beaver once healthy again.

And various tribes’ would visit him still at the Gorge!

Therefore, intuitively, John Day was already doing what Donald McKenzie wanted him to do by

summer of 1814!Oddly 1815-16 was the World’s well documented

“Year without Summer ”!THE YEAR WITHOUT A SUMMER 1816, IN MAINE

http://www.milbridgehistoricalsociety.org/previous/no_summer.html

“.. Imagine, if you will, June and July and August with a foot of snow covering the ground, and the temperature,

day after day, well below freezing.That’s what it was like in Milbridge in 1816.

Not only in Milbridge but also in most of New England and much of Western Europe. The summer of 1816 was the

coldest ever experienced by any person then living, according to the old Portland Eastern Argus newspaper. It was also known as the Year Without a Summer. … In that

year, frost was reported in every month .”I can’t imagine what John Day trapping beaver group

(John Day, Jean Baptiste Dubreuil. Black Smith Bill Cannon, Alex Carson & a French man, Registre BELLAIRE)

faced in eastern Oregon during this harsh weather conditions that normally was a lucrative winter beaver trapping season between fall of 1815 to NO SUMMER of

1816? John, naturally, was a die-hard optimist and always an opportunist. Maybe the beaver that year never lost

their heavy fur coats?Here is a history link to learn more about these men.

http://www.oregonpioneers.com/1838.htmEmigrants to Oregon Prior To 1839

compiled by Stephenie Flora copyright © 1995

1811 Jean Baptiste DUBREUIL (- 1849): married in 1839 Marguerite Yougoulhta (Chinook). Dubreuil was from Saint Anne, Montreal, Canada. He was an overland Astorian and was referred to as both a hunter and a

boatman.

Jean settled with his wife on French Prairie; but during the gold rush went to CA where he died in the gold fields.

2) 1811 William CANNON (1755-1852): Big Bill Cannon was an overland Astorian. It was claimed that he was once a Revolutionary War soldier. He was working with

John Day as a freeman trapper in 1814. Later, he was a millwright for Hudson's Bay Co and by 1843 was running milling operations at Thomas McKay

mill at Champoeg. During the exceptionally high water of 1843 he was rescued from his perch on a crate in the mill

loft by neighbors who ran a canoe directly through a second story window.

His age at death is usually given as 99; rather than the 97 in the Church records

.3) 1808 Registre BELLAIRE : Bellaire was part of the

McClellan party to Bitterroot Valley in Western Montana today back in Sep 1807. In 1808 he was engaged by

Thompson to carry Salish House returns across the Rocky Mountains.

By the winter of 1813-1814 he was working on the Willamette River as a free trapper in company with

Astorians Alex Carson, John Day and William Cannon. New Year’s Day, 1814 he agreed to pay 180 pounds of beaver pelts for the services of four Hawaiian trappers. He traveled with his family up the Columbia River in the boat brigade of 1824 but dropped off at the mouth of the

Walla Walla River to hunt in Snake County.4) 1811 Alexander CARSON : Carson was an overland

Astorian, a gunsmith and a freeman trapper and associate of John Day

He was a distant relative of Christopher "Kit" Carson. Alexander was the victim of an Indian attack on 1836 in Yamhill Co on Alec's Butte [which was later named after

him].”Here is some more insight into the YEAR WITHOUT

SUMMER:

“Over the millions of years that our earth has existed, there have been several periods called Little Ice Ages. During the most recent one, our planet experienced a very cold climate between 1560 and 1850, but during those 290 years there was only one recorded “summer

that wasn’t”, that of 1816.What happened that year in Maine to take away the

summer? Well, actually nothing unusual. But something cataclysmic did happen half a year’s travel away from

New England, in 1815. On April 10 Th - to be exact. It was a Wednesday, James Madison’s last year as President and

five years before Maine became a state, that Mount Tambora, a volcano east of Java in the Dutch East Indies,

in today’s Indonesia, erupted. It produced the loudest sound any human being had ever heard; it was the most powerful explosion in the past 10,000 years. The 1815

eruption, heard 1,000 miles away, left an indelible mark on the world, with great human and environmental costs.

It is a story of cause and effect that underscores the devastating power of nature and the delicate balance

between climate and life.Mount Tambora erupted continually from April 10 Th to

July 15 Th, 1815, sending 400 million tons, and 400 cubic miles, of sulfurous gases and ash into the atmosphere. It took a year for the winds to blow the debris across the

world and for Maine to feel the effects of the veil of dust blocking out the sun.”

One has to wonder what the local remote Snake or Shoshone tribes were going through the winter and

summer of 1816. A Maine person below describes how the 1815 volcanic eruption impacted his life to portray what the the poor beaver trappers in Eastern Oregon went!“A diary kept by an unknown person near Fryeburg,

Maine, described the 1816 weather as follows:“January was so mild that most persons allowed their fires to go out and did not burn wood except for cooking. There

were a few cool days, but they were few.“February was not cold. The first of March was windy, but

the month went out like a very innocent sheep.

“April came in warm, but as the days grew longer the air became colder and by the first of May there was a

temperature like that of winter, with plenty of snow and ice. In May the young buds were frozen dead, ice formed half an inch thick on ponds and rivers. By the last of May in this climate the trees are usually in leaf and birds and

flowers are plentiful. When the last of May arrived in 1816, everything had been killed by the cold.

“June was the coldest month roses ever experienced in this latitude. Frost and ice were common and every green

thing was killed. All fruit was destroyed. Snow fell 10 inches in Vermont and there was a 7-inch snowfall in

Maine .”Moving on with the Oregon John Day adventure

stories:On Page 234, Ontko writes: about 1820:

“The dog soldiers of the Shoshoni Nation were girding for war!

Even so, during the winter of 1819-1820, Mike Bourdon, in charge of the upper Snake River operation, took one of Northwest’s biggest catches. In the late spring of 1820,

dodging Selkirk’s Hudson Bay patrols, Bourdon started for the Fort Nez Perce with 154 horse loads of prime pelts. On the Middle Snake, he received word that John Day,

Northwest’s important link with the Snake War Tribes, had died. Whether this time it was a fact or some more

gossip, Bourdon couldn’t take the chance. If true, the crossing of the Blues (South fork of the John Day River to

avoid Hell’s Canyon to north) would be extremely dangerous.

But cross he must, so Don McKenzie was dispatched with reinforcements adding 500 Cayuse warriors to

Bourdon’s sizeable force. With this escort, the fortune in furs arrived at Fort Nez Perce without mishap.”

On Page 235, Ontko writes about John Day’s Death:“

P234) “Pacific Northwest Fur prices were climbing the spring of 1815 and by 1820 Trapping Company leaders

heard Mr. John Day was now the person to have to

negotiate trade deals with the belligerent Snake Indians. However, rumor had it John Day was killed October 1819? Yet John Day wrote down his last Will & Testament dated

February 15, 1820!Day had a premonition his next adventure in Ochoco

Mountains may not turn out well for him. This may have been the first will written in the Oregon Territory. On

February 16th 1820, John Day reportedly packed up his belongings and headed back into the Ochoco highlands.”

John Ontko writes on page 235:“On February 16, 1820, he left the Snake River

headed west never to be seen again. And so passed one of the most shadowy yet imposing figures to

have appeared in the history of the Pacific Northwest. He gave his name to a river, a city, a

town, and a region all within the boundaries of the Shoshoni Ochoco .”

Ontko writes, John Day’s formal will was carried by friends to be formally filed in Mayville, Chautauqua County, New

York in 1836. Today, this will is on file at the John Day Chamber of Commerce office for requested viewing.

“Legend has it that John Day’s body lies in a grave marked by a large stone inscribed “J.DAY” near the headwaters of the Ochoco River – ON DAYCREEK.”

The author will explore the “John Day Basin” surrounding “DAY Creek” SW of Dayville in spring of 2015!

i YOU TUBE VIDEO

Animals Of The Stone Age

 

G CarterEmbed<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gB4fPhv2jWA" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gB4fPhv2jWABIG BEAVER VideoEmbed<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gB4fPhv2jWA" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

Published on Mar 29, 2014

Please be advised: I have edited most of the hunting sections which may have been a bit too graphic for younger children, but there is still a small scene in the Dire Wolves section which shows an animated wolf eating a carcass

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muvUZqOi0BE

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/muvUZqOi0BE" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

The Incredible 10 - Giant Ice Age Mammals

 

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bp0on9upziw

Ice Age Animals-the big ones

 

johndugbryan

MASTDONS VERSUS MAMMOTHhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gB4fPhv2jWA