1

Avista Labs – Who We Are

Backup Power Solution Provider Electrical Hardening

24 / 48 / 125 VDC Systems

Resulting in: Increased Network Reliability Reduction in Overall Lifecycle Cost

Utilizing PEM Fuel Cell Technology

2

e-

e-e-

e-

e-

e-

e-

H+

H+H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+-H+

+ H -

H

H

O

O2

O2H2

H2

O

H

OxygenMolecules

Electrical Load

Water molecules forming

Catalyst/ElectrodeProton exchangemembrane electrolyte

Catalyst/Electrode

HydrogenMolecules

ElectronsfromHydrogen

PEM Fuel Cell: How It Works

3

Modular, Cartridge-Based Design

Superior Reliability Designed with the end-user in mind

– Simple to operate– Easy to maintain

Air-cooled system “Hot-swappable” cartridges

– Failed membranes are bypassed

– Load is not interrupted Self-humidifying

– Less balance of plant is required

– Performance is optimized at the cartridge level System performance/reliability not limited by the weakest membrane In the event of a membrane failure:

– Immediate action is not required

– A cartridge can be changed out in less than one minute

4

Hydrogen Basics

Hydrogen First Discovered 1766 - Henry Cavendish– Named for being a “water former”

– 1 Proton, 1 Electron

– H2 - Diatomic Molecule, 2 Protons, 2 Electrons Colorless, Odorless, and has no Taste Burns with a pale Blue Flame Lightest Element in the Universe

– H2 = 1Mol = 1.0016 Grams

– Disperses Rapidly - 1/16 the Density of Air

– Flammable from 4% to 75% Concentration (40,000 to 750,000ppm)

– Non-Toxic

– Environmentally Benign

5

Hydrogen Safety

Applicable Codes & Standards– NFPA 50A - Standard for Gaseous Hydrogen Systems at Consumer

Sites.• Covers the Storage of Hydrogen

– ASME/ANSI B31.3 - Process Piping• Covers the Marking of Hydrogen

– CGA G-5 - Hydrogen• Covers the Basics of Hydrogen

– CGA G-5.4 - Standard for Hydrogen Piping Systems at Consumer Locations.

• Covers the Design of Hydrogen Piping Systems

– CGA G-5.5 - Hydrogen Vent Systems• Covers the Venting of Hydrogen

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Each kilowatt hour produced, requires 32 cubic feet of hydrogen

8.0 kWh140 lbs261 cu-ft9” x 60”

6.1 kWh125 lbs197 cu-ft9” x 56”

2.5 kWh65 lbs80 cu-ft6” x 37”

1.0 kWh29 lbs33 cu-ft6” x 24”

Hydrogen is sold in high pressure steel or aluminum bottles which come in many different sizes. The actual storage capacity is dependent on bottle volume and fill pressure.

Example Bottles Sizes:

Hydrogen Storage

261 CUF

197 CUF

80 CUF

33 CUF

60”

7

Independence 1000

Specifications Output: 1000 watts, 48/24/125 VDC Operating Cond: 0oC to 50oC

– (-40oC to 50oC with enclosure)

Start Up:

– 50% Power < 5 min @ 25C

– 100% Power < 18 min @ 25C

Fuel Supply: Industrial grade H2

Supply Pressure: 25 - 100 psi,

Size: 17.25”w x 20.5”h x 25.12”d

Weight: 147 lbs.

Operating Modes:

– Battery Charger

– Direct Power Supply

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Typical Site Back-Up Power System – Fuel Cell

Backup Run Time Determined by Size / Capacity of Hydrogen Storage

LOAD

ACDISTRIBUTION

PANEL

RECTIFIER

RECTIFIER

UTILITY FEED

DCBUS

BATTERY BANK

METEREDDISCONNECT

LOADAVISTA LABS FUEL CELLSYSTEM

OPTIONAL SELF CONTAINED ENCLOSURE

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Inputs/Outputs

OPERATION Manual Start

– On/Off– E-Stop

Remote Start– Low Voltage DC Start

• 52, 50, 48 or 46 VDC Setpoint Options

– Dry Contact Closure– Loss of AC Power– Logic Level Start

INDICATION: Operational

– Contact Closure Minor Alarms:

– Fan Failure– Cartridge Replacement

Major Alarms:– Failure to Operate

• Safety

• Fan Failure

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Operational Characteristics

Start-UP– Dependent Upon Several Factors

• Relative Humidity• Temperature• Perocity of Membranes

– Initial Phase• 45 Seconds • Declassifying Electronics Bay• Sensor Warm-Up

– Hydrogen Initiation • 50% Power within 5 Minutes• 100% Power within 18 minutes

11

Product Certifications

ANSI Z21.83 - Standard for Fuel Cell Power Plants > 50kW– Safety

– Performance CSA FC1 - Updated ANSI Z21.83 - Stationary Fuel Cell Systems CE - Tested

– EMC: • EN50165, clause 19.101• EN61000-6-2• EN61000-6-3

– Safety:• EN60204-1 Part 1 edition 4.1

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Maintenance: Independence 1000

Periodic Cycling– Recommended 1/month for 20 minutes

• Membrane Hydration• Operational Verification

Filter Inspection– Biannually, or Every 100 Hours of Operation

• Main Air Intake Filter• Electronics Bay Filter