1. Available data battery market

• Batteries put on market:• Detailed figures members Eucobat 2011-2014 (17 members)

Quality and coverage:• Portable batteries: +• Industrial batteries: +/-• Automotive batteries: -

• External studies concerning portable batteries (EPBA)• Market estimation (Eucobat – EPBA)

2. Available data battery possession

• Hoarding studies in 3 countries:• Belgium• France• Netherlands

3. Available data waste batteries

• Detailed figures members Eucobat 2011-2014 (17 members)Quality and coverage:

• Portable batteries: +• Industrial batteries: +/-• Automotive batteries: -

• External studies concerning portable batteries (EPBA)• MSW analysis in several countries

(not harmonised methodology)• Eucobat study on battery lifespan/lifecycle in 5 countries

(Belgium-France-Netherlands-Romania-Spain): See presentation for Bebat (Belgium)

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SAMPLING IN PRACTICE• Sampling approximately 30 000 batteries collected by Bebat (in 2012)

• Separate sampling for each chemical family• In total 3 900 kg from 850 manufacturers were sampled

• Sampling process

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SAMPLING IN PRACTICE

Registering all text and take pictures so that manufacturers may look up the production date

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EXTENSIVE DATASET

Production date was asked to the manufacturers• 17 000 batteries with a known production date (2 000 kg)

Chemical family Number of batteries Weight in kgAlkaline 11 598 405Zinc 1 791 38 Lithium primary 1 449 24 NiCd 707 286 NiMh 588 279 Lead 515 895 Lithium rechargeable 415 79 Total 17 063 2 006

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THE AVERAGE USAGE AND HOARDING TERM IS MUCH LONGER THAN 3 YEARS!

Confidence level = 95%

* Due to a change in technology in recent years, the results for primary lithium should be interpreted with care

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AVERAGE USAGE AND HOARDING TERM OF PACKS

Significant difference between• Tools (shortest lifecycle)• Computers (longest lifecycle)• Cameras and Mobile phones (average lifecycle)

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EVOLUTION OF BATTERY COLLECTION IN THE YEARS FOLLOWING PRODUCTION

Average age

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EVOLUTION OF BATTERY COLLECTION IN THE YEARS FOLLOWING PRODUCTION

Average age

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WHAT PERCENTAGE OF BATTERIES IS COLLECTED WITHIN THE FIRST 3 YEARS?

Chemical family At most …%*

alkaline 29,01%

zinc 24,21%

primary lithium** 45,41%

nickel cadmium 34,68%

nickel metalhydride batteries 47,37%

lead 12,92%

lithium rechargeable 19,16%

* Confidence level = 95%** Due to a change in technology in recent years, the results for primary lithium should be interpreted with care

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HOW LONG UNTIL 80% OF THE BATTERIES HAVE BEEN DISCARDED?

Chemical family At least … years *

alkaline 8 years

zinc 9 years

primary lithium** 9 years

nickel cadmium >15 years

nickel metalhydride batteries 7 years

lead 7 years

lithium rechargeable 10 years

* Confidence level = 95%** Due to a change in technology in recent years, the results for primary lithium should be interpreted with care

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IMPACT OF LIFECYCLE ON COLLECTION PERFORMANCE - STABLE POM

The EU target and the ‘life cycle target’ are very similar

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500 Alkaline

POM (Put On Market) portable batteries 3 year average of POMEU target (45% of 3 year average of POM) Available for Collection (based on lifecycle)

YearsTo

ns

of

po

rtab

le b

atte

ries

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IMPACT OF LIFECYCLE ON COLLECTION PERFORMANCE - INCREASING POM

The EU target is higher than the ‘life cycle target’, even higher than the weight available for collection! Low collection performance

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900 Rechargeable lithium

POM (Put On Market) portable batteries 3 year average of POM

Years

To

ns

of

po

rta

ble

ba

tte

rie

s

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CONCLUSION

Stable put on market

• EU target and ‘lifecycle target’ yield similar results

Decreasing put on market

• EU target is lower than the ‘lifecycle target’

• Decreasing importance of these chemical families in the overall collection performance

Increasing put on market

• EU target is higher than the ‘lifecycle target’

• If the weight put on market increases very fast or if the lifecycle is very long, the weight

available for collection falls below the EU target

• Increasing importance of these product families in the overall collection performance