1. ANATOMY Respiratory System (ARD) - Copy

8/19/2019 1. ANATOMY Respiratory System (ARD) - Copy

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1

ANATOMY OF THE

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Prof. dr.H.Abd. Razak Datu, Ph.D.

Departmet of Aatom!

Med"#a$ Fa#u$t! %NHAS


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Thora& 'a$$ ad

Thora& (a)"t!


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Refere#e $"e* of thora&

Anterior median line

Sternal line

Midclavicular line

Parasternal line Anterior axillary line

Post axillary line

Midaxillary line

Scapular line Posterior median line


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Thora#"# +a$$

Skin

Superficial fascia PECTORAL FASCIA

Muscle bone

Deep fascia

ENDOTHORACIC FASCIA

Diaphragm


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The mu*#$e* of thora&

Extrinsic muscles M. sternocleidomastoideus Mm. scaleni M. Pectoralis major M. Pectoralis minor

M. Serratus anterior Intrinsic muscles M. ntercostales externi M. ntercostales interni m. ntercostales intimi M. !ransverses thoracis


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Thora#"# 'a$$* Mu*#$e* of

Re*p"rat"o


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Intercostales externi

"rigin# lo$er border of riⅡ nsertion# upper border of rib

belo$ origin

Action# elevate ribs adding inforced inspiration

%eplaced anteriorly by externalintercostals membrane.

Intercostales interni "rigin# upper border of rib

nsertion# lo$er border of rib

above origin Action# depress ribs for forced

expiration

%eplaced posteriorly byinternal intercostals

membrane.


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Iter#o*ta$ *pa#e

Posterior intercostal v.

Posterior intercostal a.

Intercostal n.


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rter"e* of thora&

Pulmonary trunk Arises from right ventricle %uns up& back &and to the left 'ifurcates inferior to aortic arch

into right and left pulmonaryarteries& one for each lung

Pulmonary arteries %ight pulmonary artery－ passes

posterior to ascending aorta andsuperior vena cava to hilum of

right lung (eft pulmonary artery－ passes

anterior to descending aorta andleft main bronchus to hilum of leftlung


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Internal thoracic vessels

nternal thoracic a.)v.

Parasternal ln.

Endothoracic fascia


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Internal thoracic artery

－ descends into thorax

1.*cm lateral to edge of

sternum& and ends at thesixth costal cartilage by

dividing musculophrenic

and superior epigastric

arteries


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,e"* of thora&

Brachiocephalic veins +ormed by union of internal jugular and

subclavian veins posterior to thesternoclavicular joint

Angle of union is termed venous angleSuperior vena cava +ormed by union of right and left

brachiocephalic veins behind the rightsternocostal synchorndrosis of first rib

%uns vertically do$n on right of ascendingaorta

,oined by a-ygos vein at level of sternalangle

nters right atrium at lever of lo$er borderof third right sternocostal joint

/ollects blood from veins of upper half ofbody


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10


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Re*p"rator! Tra#t

Upper Respiratory Tract Superior to (arynx

Loer Respiratory Tract (arynx

!rachea

Primary 'ronchi

Secondary 'ronchi

%est of 'ronchial !ree

(ungs

Conducting passagea!s carr!ing air to and "ro# t$e alveoli

%&pper respirator! passages "ilter and $u#idi"! inco#ing air

%Loer passagea!s include delicate conduction passages andalveolar e'c$ange sur"aces


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Respiratory System

(.NASAL CA)IT*

+.LAR*N,

-.TRACHEA

./RONCH&S

0.L&N1S

2.PLE&RA

7.THORACIC DIAPHRAGM


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NASA- (AITY

!he nasal cavity extends from the nostril in

front to the posterior nasal aperture or

/hoanae behind !he nose opens into the nasopharynx

!he nasal vestibule is the area of the nasal

cavity lying just inside the nostril. !he nasal cavity is divided into right and left

halves by the septum

1


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Nasal cavity

Pyramidal space& narro$er in front than behind

Divided in to right and left halves 2nasal septum3

4ares anterior 25 nostril3 4ares posterior 25 choanae3

+unction

/onducting 6one 7arm and moisten air

+ilter air

%esonating chamber for speech

Sense of smell


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oudar"e* of Na*a$ (a)"t!

%oof 5 ethmoid bone

+loor 5 maxilla

(ateral $alls 5 nasal

bones&

2superior& inferior 8

middle3 nasal conchae&

maxilla& palatine bone

Medial $all 254asal

Septum3& divides cavity

into * portions


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Na*a$ (a)"t! /#ot.0

(ined $ith mucosa 7arm and moisten

9ighly vascular

Secrete mucus

:estibule ; space

inside external

nares

:ibrissae < nose

hairs filter particles

from air


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Na*a$ (o#hae

Project medially from each

lateral $all of nasal cavity

Superior& inferior& middle

nasal conchae

Superior& inferior& middle

nasal meatus

/overed $ith mucosa

+unction

ncrease surface area

ncrease turbulance

%eclaim heat from

exhaled air


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The Paraa*a$ S"u*e*

!he Paranasal sinuses are continuation of

nasal cavity.

+%"4!A( S4=SS MA>((A%? S4=SS

SP94"D S4=SS

!9M"DA S4=SS

*@


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Paraa*a$ *"u*e*


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THE PARANASA- SIN%SES

+%"4!A( S4=SS

MA>((A%? S4=SS

SP94"D S4=SS !9M"DA S4=SS

Frontal

Sinus

Sphenoidal

Sinus


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*

MaxillarSinus

Inferioconchae

NasalCavity

EthmoidalSinuses

Nasalseptum


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*B

Fu#t"o of The Paraa*a$

S"u*e* !o reduce the $eight of the skull 7arm ) Moisten air

+ilter air

!o act as resonators to the voice.

7hen the apertures of the sinuses are blocked& or they become filled

$ith fluid& the Cuality of the voice is markedly changed


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1. ANATOMY Respiratory System (ARD) - Copy

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